Introduction aux agences d’assurance-crédit à l’exportation: Création de risque, génération de dette et garantie de destruction de l’environnement.

13 12 2007

EDCanada

repris de ECA-Watch:

« Il existait une vive inquiétude parmi les membres de la Task Force face au manque de normes environmentales appliquées aux activités de développement des agences bilatérales de prêts commerciaux et de crédit. A quelques exceptions notables près, les exigences concernant l’évaluation environnementale imposées aux agences d’aide bilatérales des membres du Comité d’aide au développement ne s’appliquent pas aux branches commerciales du financement gouvernemental bilatéral. Pratiquement chaque membre a cité des exemples où le manque de planification environnementale adéquate dans les projets financés par de telles organisations avait crée des problèmes écologiques et sociaux significatifs. L’avis était que les dommages environmentaux résultant de telles entreprises étaient beaucoup plus importants que les dommages crées par un manque de cohérence parmi les bailleurs de fonds bilatéraux. » (OECD Development Assistance Task Force Report : Coherence in Environmental Assessment Practical Guidance on Environmental Assessment for Development Co-operation Projects, May 1996).

L’impact des Assureurs-Crédit sur le développement et l’environnement…

Alors que nombre de citoyens connaissent les institutions globales célèbres telles que l’Organization Mondiale du Commerce, peu connaissent les organisations plus obscures, mais d’influence égale, connues sous le nom d’agences d’assurance-crédit à l’exportation (Assureurs-Crédit). Les Assureurs-Crédit des grands pays industrialisés pourraient maintenant être considérés comme la catégorie d’institutions publiques la plus importante au monde de la finance internationale. Depuis quelques années les Assureurs-Crédit des pays appartenant à l’Organisation pour la Coopération et le Développment Economique (OCDE) tels que les Banques d’import-export des Etats-Unis et du Japon, Hermes guarantee en Allemagne, la COFACE en France et SACE en Italie ont subventionné presque 10% du commerce mondial, approchant une valeur annuelle de 500 milliards de dollars en exports soutenus par des prêts, des garanties et des assurances gouvernementaux. Les prêts à plus long terme et les garanties des Assureurs-Crédit de l’OCDE ont été multipliés par quatre entre 1988 et 1996, de 26 milliards de dollars à 105 milliards de dollars par an. Plus de la moitié de ces prêts et garanties, au moins 50 milliards de dollars par an, a été affectée à des projets d’infrastructure importants dans des pays en voie de développement, plus que la totalité des fonds investis par toutes les agences d’aide bilatérale et multilatérale. Un nombre significatif de ces projets tels que les barrages et les installation de production d’énergie de grande envergure, les activités minières, les routes dans des forêts vierges tropicales, les oléoducs, les installations chimiques et industrielles, les projets de sylviculture et de plantation pour n’en parler que de quelques-uns uns, ont des impacts sociaux et environnementaux très graves. Pour la plupart les Assureurs-Crédit n’ont aucun mandat de développement ni d’obligations en ce sens, cependant ils constituent la plus grande partie de la dette dans les pays en voie de développement, soit en 1996 quelque 24% de la dette totale et 56% de la dette auprès des agences officielles.

Les Assureurs-Crédit manquent de politiques et de standards communs de base dans les domaines environnementaux et sociaux… Comme l’indique les conclusions du rapport de OCDE cité ci-dessus, il existe un contraste frappant entre les politiques des Assureurs-Crédit –orientées presque exclusivement vers la promotion des exportations ­– et celles des agences d’aide au développement et des banques multilatérales de développement, telles que le Groupe de la banque mondiale. Tandis que les agences d’aide bilatérale et les banques multilatérales de développement ont adopté des procédures environmentales et sociales détaillées, la plupart des Assureurs-Crédit et des agences publiques d’assurance ont peu, et souvent aucunes, normes dans ces domaines. Par conséquent, les mêmes pays qui ont approuvé des politiques environnementales et sociales pour leurs agences d’aide et pour le Groupe de la banque mondiale, les subvertissent à travers leurs agences d’assureurance-crédit.

La création de risque dans une course vers le fond…Les Assureurs-Crédit se font une concurrence acharnée, et sont rapides à soutenir des projets que d’autres banques de développement et même d’autres Assureurs-Crédit ont refusé pour des raisons environmentales ou sociales. Ceci mène à ‘une course vers le fond’ qui encourage l’absence ou l’abaissement des normes. L’exemple le plus connu est celui du barrage chinois des Trois Gorges, où en 1996, les Assureurs-Crédit allemand, suisse et canadien se sont fait la course pour financer un projet que la Banque mondiale et la Banque américaine d’import-export avaient refusé de soutenir à cause de problèmes environnementaux. Actuellement une opposition croissante en Chine appelle à la réduction et même à l’arrêt de ce projet gigantesque dont les coûts de construction dépassent les plusieurs milliards de dollars et mènera au transfert forcé de 1,8 million de personnes.

Le G8 appelle à l’adoption de normes environnementales communes… Depuis quelques années, des ONGs environnementales, des parlementaires progressifs et quelques gouvernements ont commencé à demander que tous les Assureurs-Crédit adoptent des politiques environnementales et sociales communes. En mai 1999 les ministres de l‘OCDE ont demandé que les Assureurs-Crédit continuent « à renforcer des approches environnementales communes » et rendent compte du progrès achevé lors de la prochaine réunion du Conseil des Ministres au printemps 2000. Le Communiqué du G8 de 1999 est allé beaucoup plus loin, déclarant que «nous travaillerons au sein de l’OCDE vers des directives environnmentales communes pour les agences de crédit à l’export. Nous espérons compléter ce travail pour la réunion du G8 de 2001. »

Mais les Assureurs-Crédit refusent d’entreprendre des actions significatives…Les Assureurs-Crédit de l’OCDE se sont réunis à Paris du 24 au 25 février 2000, en session spéciale sur l’environnement. Elles devaient essayer de trouver un accord au sujet de leurs engagements pour répondre aux exigences des ministres du G8 et de l’OCDE. Dans l’absence d’un contrôle et d’une pression internationale suffisante, cependant, les Assureurs-Crédit semblent chercher des moyens d’éviter des modifications sérieuses de leurs approches. Jusque-là ils n’ont pu se mettre d’accord que sur un échange d’information environnementale au sujet de projets particulièrement désastreux et dans lesquels plusieurs Assureurs-Crédit sont impliqués. Par ailleurs, certains tentent de suggérer que le simple échange d’information et un intérêt symbolique pour les questions environnementales au niveau le plus superficiel constitue « des principes directeurs environnementaux communs ».

ACE en Afrique

Pour en savoir plus sur les ACE en Afrique, cliquez ici.



Léopold II: Génocide au Congo

5 12 2007


genocide_congo
Uploaded by caidland
Il est à noter qu’Arte peut se permettre ce film car cela fait une centaine d’années que Léopold II est mort mais le génocide au Congo ne s’est pas arrêté avec la mort de Léopold II. Enviant à la Belgique les richesses du Congo, le Canada, les États-Unis, la France, le Royaume Uni, l’Allemagne, la Chine, Israël, le Liban, l’Australie etc. se sont mis de la partie et participent actuellement au génocide lucratif en RDC [voir 1 2 3 4] (en fait c’est la communauté internationale toute entière qui viole le Congo), génocide qui de par son envergure éclipse même l’Holocauste de la Seconde Guerre et le Génocide rwandais: depuis 1998 seulement, entre 3 millions et 5 millions de personnes sont mortes des conflits au Congo, plus de 17 000 enfants soldats ont été recrutés et le viole des femmes est devenu systématique. Voici un extrait de congopanorama à ce sujet:

Rape has become a defining characteristic of the five-year war in the DRC, according to Anneke Van Woudenberg, the Congo specialist for Human Rights Watch. So, too, has mutilation of the victims.

“Last year, I was stunned when a 30-year-old woman in North Kivu had her lips and ears cut off and eyes gouged out after she was raped, so she couldn’t identify or testify against her attackers. Now, we are seeing more and more such cases,” she says.

As the troops of coccupation from Rwanda and Uganda constantly sought new ways to terrorize, their barbarity became more frenzied.

I, too, was sickened by what I saw and heard. In three decades of covering war, I had never before come across the cases described to me by Congolese doctors, such as gang-rape victims having their labia pierced and then padlocked.

“They usually die of massive infection,” I was told.

Based on personal testimonies collected by Human Rights Watch, it is estimated that as many as 30 percent of rape victims are sexually tortured and mutilated during the assaults, usually with spears, machetes, sticks or gun barrels thrust into their vaginas.

Increasingly, the trigger is being pulled. About 40 percent of rape victims, usually the younger ones, aged 8 to 19, are abducted and forced to become sex slaves.

“The country is in an utter state of lawlessness; it’s complete anarchy,” says Woudenberg. “In this culture of impunity, people know they can get away with anything. Every armed group is equally culpable.”

In the Congo, rape is a cheaper weapon of war than bullets. Experts estimate that some 60 percent of all combatants in the DRC are infected with HIV/AIDS. As women rarely have access to expensive antiretroviral drugs, sexual assaults all too often become automatic death sentences.

Médecins Sans Frontières operates five health clinics offering antiretrovirals in the conflict zone of northeastern DRC, but many women don’t know about the drugs and cannot travel safely to the centers. Moreover, according to Helen O’Neill, a nurse who set up MSF’s sexual-violence treatment program, such drugs must be taken within forty-eight to seventy-two hours of the rape to prevent infection.

If a woman has been exposed to the virus, the treatment is 80 percent effective. But in the Congo, rape victims who are not captive sex slaves must walk for days or weeks, often with massive injuries, and risk new capture by roving rebel bands, before reaching assistance.



Le nouveau réseau international de Hakluyt

2 12 2007

Repris de Intelligence Online:

Le nouveau réseau international de Hakluyt

Le cabinet de renseignement Hakluyt s’est longtemps reposé sur un réseau d’ex-PDG britanniques. Ces dernières années, la firme s’est efforcée d’élargir son conseil consultatif.

Doté depuis l’an dernier d’un nouveau directeur en la personne de Keith Craig (IOL nº517), le très discret cabinet d’intelligence économique londonien Hakluyt n’a pas abandonné le mode de fonctionnement développé par le fondateur de la firme, Christopher James. Depuis sa création en 1995, Hakluyt est doté d’un conseil consultatif composé d’anciens PDG et de diplomates à la retraite, qui servent à la fois de cautions et d’apporteurs d’affaires. Ce conseil a longtemps été constitué de Britanniques et d’Américains, parmi lesquels l’ex-président de Ford, Alex Trotman ; l’ancien Chairman de Royal Dutch/Shell, Peter Holmes ; et l’ex-PDG de Vodafone, Christopher Gent. Ces dernières années, la composition de cette structure a évolué vers un modèle international. La moitié des conseillers sont désormais allemands, japonais et australiens. Ils disposent en outre de nombreuses entrées dans le secteur bancaire et dans les fédérations d’entreprises de leurs pays respectifs.

Hakluyt

(Cliquez pour agrandir)

Notes:

  • Hambros Bank a été acheté par la Société Générale en 1998.
  • Selon Wikipedia (qui cite Saving the Sun : A Wall Street Gamble to Rescue Japan from Its Trillion-Dollar Meltdown): Shinsei était auparavant la «Banque du Japon de Crédit à Long Terme» qui avait un monopole gouvernemental sur les obligations à long-terme. Suite à l’éclatement de la bulle spéculative japonaise en 1989, cette banque était surchargée de mauvaises dettes, elle fût donc nationalisée et décotée de la bourse de Tokyo en 1998. Après des tentatives infructueuse de fusionner la banque avec d’autres banques japonaises, la banque fût vendue au fond d’investissement par capitaux propres New LTCB Partners C.V. de la compagnie d’investissement par capitaux propres Ripplewood Holdings LLC (cette dernière est dirigée et a été fondée par Tim Collins, ami personnel de Bill Clinton, qui travailla entre autres pour la controversée Booz Allen Hamilton [1 2 3 4] et pour Lazard Frères et qui est membre de la commission Trilatérale) en mars de 2000 pour 121 milliards de yens. C’est la première fois dans l’histoire du Japon qu’une banque japonaise passe sous contrôle étranger. Après la vente la banque fût renommée Shinsei (voulant dire «Nouvellement Née») . Insérée dans le contrat de vente était une «close de garantie de défauts» qui permettait à Shinsei de réclamer que le gouvernement achète toute dette dont la valeur avait chuté en deçà de 20% de sa valeur comptable. Shinsei fût lancée en juin 2000 avec une nouvelle équipe de gestionnaires dont plusieurs membres travaillaient préalablement dans des institutions bancaires étrangères implantées au Japon comme par exemple le pdg qui était chez Morgan Stanley et le directeur des systèmes d’information qui travaillait chez Citi. Shinsei garda le code SWIFT (LTCBJPJT) de la «Banque du Japon de Crédit à Long Terme».Shinsei utilisa la close de garantie de défauts pour se débarrasser des pires dettes du portefeuille de la banque (aux dépends du gouvernement japonais) suite à quoi plusieurs compagnies, telles Sogo et Dai-Ichi Hotel, qui avaient comme principal banque Shinei, durent déclarer faillite. Ceci souleva l’indignation générale au Japon et les politiciens critiquèrent tout spécialement Goldman Sachs, qui avait agit de conseiller auprès du gouvernement lors de la vente de la banque, de ne pas avoir avertit le gouvernement des risque inhérents à la close de garantie.Quatre ans après se vente à Ripplewood, Shinsei fût introduite en bourse pour la rondelette somme de 230 milliards de yens (ce qui à l’époque équivalait 2,8 milliards de dollars canadiens ou 1,7 milliards d’euro), ce qui signifie un profit de plus de 100 milliards de yens en quatre ans pour Ripplewood et consorts. Ces profits furent réalisés à grand prix pour le Japon par contre car en plus de tous les emplois perdus par la fermeture des compagnies telles Sogo, le gouvernement japonais dû débourser entre 4000 et 5000 milliards de yen pour reprendre les mauvaises dettes de Shinsei à cause de la clause de garantie de défauts et pire encore, les profits réalisés étaient à l’abri de taxes et impôts du gouvernement japonais de par l’utilisation d’un partenariat d’investissement étranger.


Iraqi MPs demand timetable for withdrawal of US troops

28 11 2007


Iraqi MPs demand timetable for withdrawal

Is the U.N. troop mandate defying Iraqi law?

Thursday November 22nd, 2007

Raed Jarrar is an architect and political analyst currently based in Washington DC. He was born in Baghdad and spent most of his life in Iraq, where he obtained his first degree in architecture at the University of Baghdad. He also founded an NGO called “Emaar” that carried out community work in Baghdad.

James Paul has been Executive Director of Global Policy Forum since its foundation in late 1993. He is a prominent figure in the NGO advocacy community at the United Nations and a well-known speaker and writer on the UN and global policy issues. Born in New York City, he earned a B.A. from Harvard College, M.A. from Oxford University, and his Ph.D. from New York University in 1975 with a specialty in comparative politics.



The Empire in Africa – Trailer

25 11 2007

The rebels who started the civil war in Sierra Leone 15 years ago wanted only one thing: to reclaim the richness of the country from foreign corporations in order to end the exploitation of its people. In response, the international community decided to wage a war on this country, with bombs, executions, torture, rigged elections and manipulation of the international media. This created one of the worst humanitarian disasters of the 20th century.

http://www.theempireinafrica.com/ 

CHRONOLOGY OF A DISASTER: SIERRA LEONE

  • The area, now known as Sierra Leone was populated by the Temne people when the first Portuguese navigator arrived in 1460. The name Sierra Leone refers to the shape of the mountain, which can be seen when arriving at the coast, which looks like a lion.
  • Slave trade started around 1500.
  • Around 1550, a large number of Mande people came from Liberia and found refuge in the southern part of what is now Sierra Leone.
  • In the 19th century, formers slaves, freed from their North American masters, were repatriated to Africa and brought to Sierra Leone where they founded the free colony of ‘Freetown’. By 1865 more than 50,000 former slaves had been brought to Freetown.
  • In 1896, the British government declared Sierra Leone a British protectorate to counter the progression of the French in West Africa.  In 1898, the British government imposed  a ‘hut tax’ to generate revenues for the expenses incurred in the management of the colony.
  • In 1908 the British government established a naval base in Freetown, securing their claims.
  • In 1961 Sierra Leone was recognized as an independent country and a prime minister was “appointed” by the British Consul. Over the next three decades, several coups and counter-coups followed between the pro-western interests who controlled the majority of the Sierra Leonean economy and the Pan-Africanist forces who wanted Africa to be returned to the Africans.
  • The pro-western interests won, establishing a one party rule under the dictator Siaka Stevens  and the other dictator Joseph Saidu Momoh who succeeded the former in 1986.  These men secured the control of the economy for the pro-western interests.
  • Although Sierra Leone is a very rich country, the foreign corporations continue to export all the profits from the exploitation of the country’s natural resources (diamonds, minerals, agriculture, tourism, etc.) abroad, leaving the country on the brink of starvation.
  • In response to this situation, a group of men take up arms to fight the foreigners and their puppets who run the country, in order to take back the wealth for the people of Sierra Leone.  The rebel group is the RUF or Revolutionary United Front.
  • In July 1991 the rebels of the RUF control 1/5th of the country. They terrorize civilians, accusing them of supporting a system that exploits them. Their motto is; “No More Slaves, No More Masters. Weapons to the People. Power and Wealth to the People.” They meet a weak resistance of the Sierra Leone army.
  • In 1993, a peace-keeping force was created by ECOWAS (The Union of West African States) and financed by the UN to intervene against the rebels.  Thousands of Nigerian soldiers were sent into Sierra Leone to be part of such peace effort.
  • The deterioration of conditions within the Army and the realization of the rebels’ motives forces the soldiers to join the rebels.
  • Starting in 1995, the pro-westerners create an independent militia known as Kamajor to protect their rights and fight the rebellion. The Kamajors brutally spread the war throughout the country.
  • By October of the same year, the RUF troops are now in control of one-third of the country and advance towards the capital, Freetown. A large portion of the regular army has joined the rebels in the field.
  • The government is completely inefficient and relies more than ever on the 2000 Nigerians based in Sierra Leone. In order to support them, it hires the South African mercenaries of “Executive Outcomes,” a company that specializes in commando operations. They are paid through diamond mine concessions.
  • January 1996: Based on the total inefficiency of the government and the degradation of the country, Corporal General Julius Maada-Bio seizes power in a coup d’état. He is convinced of the need to share the power with the RUF and obtains a cease-fire. The international community adamantly opposes this partnership with the RUF, since the RUF’s politics are opposed to the interests of the western world. The international community imposes an election while the country is in the middle of a brutal civil war which will clearly prevent people from being able to vote.
  • Seeing it as a maneouver from the international community, the RUF refuses the idea of election until peace is restored in the country. Despite the extreme violence, which followed the announcement of the elections, an electoral commission is put in place by the UN. The international community chooses Hamad Tejan Kabbah, a former U.N. executive, as its candidate, in order to protect their interests, as is now the case in several third-world countries.
  • March 15, 1996: Ahmad Tejan Kabbah wins the election.
  • Independent analysis of the polling results proved that the UN representatives manipulated the results in favor of Kabbah.
  • The hard line taken by President Kabbah, unleashes extreme violence between the different factions all over the country. Faced by such violence which starts to appear in mass media around the world the international community forces Kabbah to make peace with the RUF and the army.
  • February 1997: Despite RUF leader Foday-Sankoh’s signature of the peace agreement he is arrested and jailed with other RUF members and army officers. This is a political maneuver of President Kabbah and his allies to ignore the peace agreement, break the RUF rebellion and the resistance of the Sierra-Leone Army.
  • On May 25, 1997 the Sierra Leone Army leads a coup d’état and opens the prisons to free their men as well as the RUF members. They open the rice warehouses, which belong to private companies and humanitarian organizations and let starving people help themselves.
  • The head of the army frees Foday-Sankoh and names him second-in-command of the government of a unified A.F.R.C.(Sierra Leone army)  – RUF
  • Following the embargo imposed by ECOWASagainst the new government, the UN votes the Resolution 1132 on October 8, 1997. This resolution prevents trading of arms and oil with Sierra Leone. The ECOMOG bombard all ships transporting everything including food in contravention of the UN resolution also killing numerous civilians.
  • Over 200,000 people leave Freetown. The price of food increased astronomically and many families can only afford one meal per day. They cannot even count on humanitarian aid, which doesn’t reach Freetown anymore as ordered by President Kabbah and UK Ambassador, Peter Penfold.
  • President Kabbah, in exile, negotiates with a Thai banker. The banker will finance a counter coup d’état up to 10 million dollars in exchange for Sierra Leone diamond mining concessions estimated at 150 million dollars. On the suggestion of UK Ambassador Peter Penfold, mercenaries from Sandline, a sister company of Executive Outcomes, are put in charge of the operation.
  • February 1998: with the help of Sandline mercenaries, the ECOMOG forces launch an offensive to take back Freetown. Nigerian Alpha jets drop numerous cluster bombs, forbidden by international law, transforming entire cities into ghost towns.
  • The UN was questioned on this subject and answered that the embargo was not violated. However, two months later, Resolution # 1171 dated June 5, 1998 is passed. It specifies that the weapons embargo in Sierra Leone only applies to non-governmental forces, when it originally applied to all factions.
  • December 1998 – The rebels and the army have formally united as, The People’s Army, and are entering Freetown. They attack the ECOMOG troops forcing them to withdraw to one-third of the city.
  • The rebel rampage allows the government to continue its propaganda campaign. They try to blame the RUF soldiers for the violence, painting them as these new barbarians responsible for all the suffering of the Sierra Leone people.
  • The international community and President Kabbah’s government come under fire from the media, which publicizes amputations of civilians and the atrocities committed by the forces loyal to the government.
  • Fearing that the situation will worsen and the truth of the crisis will be revealed, Kabbah’s government is forced to sign a peace treaty and enforce it.
  • February 1999:  The ECOMOG forces are reinforced by troops from Mali. The rebels are violently expelled from Freetown. The confrontations leave 6000 dead and a devastated city.
  • July 1999:  President Kabbah goes to Lome in Togo to sign the peace treaty with Foday-Sankoh, who has been recently released and pardoned. This treaty includes the sharing of power with the RUF as it had been proposed in the past by Maada-Bio and Johnny-Paul Koroma. Kabbah’s government will include four ministers from the RUF. One of the first decisions imposed by them, will be the cancellation of mining licenses held by foreign companies.
  • May 2000: Foday Sankoh’s bodyguards together with UN peacekeepers fire on a crowd outside Foday Sankoh’s home. Kofi Annan declares Foday Sankoh personally responsible for the incident. President Kabbah order the arrest of all RUF hierarchy including ministers of his government in violation of the peace agreement.
  • Most of the RUF hierarchy die in prison from “unknown causes.”
  • May 2005: President Kabbah is still in power in Sierra Leone, the natural resources are still controlled by foreign companies and Sierra Leone is now the poorest country in the world.


Film de la semaine: Crimes économiques dans les Grands Lacs Africains

24 11 2007


Notes:

  • Gécamine est la plus grosse société minière d’État du Congo
  • La MIBA est la société minière d’État du Congo pour le diamant
  • Phelps Dodge est une filière de Freeport-McMoran Copper and Gold
  • Sengamine est détenue à 85% par First African Diamonds Ltd qui a, par la suite, changé son nom en Entreprise Minière du Kasaï-Oriental SARL ou EMIKOR, c’est une société appartenant à Mike Nunn (anciennement chez De Beers) qui détient aussi Afgem, Amari Holdings, Xceldiam et Tanzanite One.

Voici des explications de Congolite:

Mines : des milliards de boni pour le “quatrième pillage”

25 juillet 2006 – Au lendemain de la ratification par le gouvernement de Transition du contrat controversé de Kinross Forrest Limited (KFL) sur les riches installations de la Gécamines à Kamoto, George Forrest prit l’ avion pour le Canada. Il avait créé spécialement KFL, basée aux Iles Vierges Britanniques pour négocier en montrant comme partenaire principal la Kinross Gold où oeuvrait Arthur Ditto. Il se produisit alors une chose extraordinaire. Kinross Gold ne fit pas état de cet important contrat, mais la firme aurait découvert subitement que le projet minier congolais portait sur le cuivre et le cobalt et lui était incompatible parce qu’elle était spécialisée dans l’or. Instantanément, KFL fut revendue à Balloch Resources, une minuscule société d’exploration minière qui avait l’avantage d’être cotée à la bourse de Toronto. Balloch changera son nom en Katanga Mining Limited (KML) et remplacera complètement Kinross Forrest Limited comme partenaire de la Gecamines dans la joint venture Kamoto Copper Company (KCC). Le titre en bourse de KML se mit à grimper vertigineusement, et il fut décidé d’allouer à KFL le bénéfice de 570 millions de dollars en représentation de la valeur de KFL dans le projet de KCC.Cette transaction a été achevée au moment de la remise et reprise des mines et installations par la Gécamines. Indication : les nouveaux investisseurs, ou “mining jackers”, n’ arrachent pas uniquement des contrats déséquilibrés qui leur assurent jusqu’à 75 % de bénéfices plantureux sur des dizaines d’années, une situation que Colette Braeckman a qualifiée de « troisième pillage ». Ces affairistes réalisent de plantureux profits immédiats en boursicotant leur portefeuille garni presque exclusivement par les apports gratuits de la Gécamines ou de la Miba. Ceci est clairement illustré par la similitude des courbes des cotations en bourse des sociétés qui n’ont même pas encore commencé à opérer sur le terrain. Il y a même des OPA hostiles. Il existait des soupçons sur les intentions réelles du “mining jacking”, voilà que les chartes boursières et le volume des transactions financières dévoilent cette course à la spéculation et à l’enrichissement. Ce qui est bonifié, c’est la perspective de la bonne affaire et le gouffre abyssal entre la dépense d’investissement et la rémunération exceptionnelle. Tout se passe comme si le Congo était comme un vulgaire tableau ramassé à bas prix au marché aux puces pour être revendu dans les galeries d’art à sa véritable valeur d’une toile de maître. Le Congo est l’ objet d’ un capitalisme sauvage et victime consentante d’un “quatrième pillage”.

Katanga Mining Limited

Le « premier pillage » avait été réalisé sous Mobutu. Monsieur Robert Crem l’a évoqué en ces termes : « j’ estime que le préjudice subi par la GECAMINES, de 1967 à 1984, s’ est chiffré entre 3 et 4 milliards de dollars américains au profit des sociétés du groupe de la Société Générale de Belgique et entre 4 et 5 milliards de dollars américains prélevés par le Pouvoir, par toutes sortes de ponctions et de commissions occultes. En un mot, le groupe SGB et le Pouvoir s’ étaient partagés la « bête »!!! un terme utilisé par un administrateur belge ». En février 1990, Mobutu et la bande à Kengo Wa Ndondo s’ emparèrent de 500 millions de dollars américains des réserves financières de la Gécamines en échange de la démocratisation.

Anvil Mining Limited

Le « second pillage » a été l’oeuvre de Laurent Désiré Kabila qui inaugura le système de rémunération des factures et primes de guerre en ressources naturelles et autres formes de richesses. Il a littéralement vendu le pays et pavé le chemin pour le Rwanda, l’Ouganda et toutes les hordes de pilleurs qui ont déferlé sur le pays depuis 1997. C’ est sur ce second pillage que le Panel de l’ ONU s’était penché. Le rapport de 2002 en a fait une évaluation en ces termes : « le réseau d’élite congolais et zimbabwéen ayant des intérêts politiques, militaires et commerciaux cherche à garder la mainmise sur les principales ressources naturelles– les diamants, le cobalt, le cuivre et le germanium – se trouvant dans la zone tenue par le Gouvernement. Au cours des trois dernières années, ce réseau a transféré des actifs représentant au moins 5 milliards de dollars du secteur minier public à des entreprises privées qu’il contrôle, sans verser aucune indemnité ni prestation au Trésor public de la République Démocratique du Congo ».

Rubicon Minerals

Le « troisième pillage », dénoncé notamment par les ONG et Le Monde Diplomatique, a porté sur les nouveaux contrats signés à la hâte en cours de période de Transition. Ces conventions ont engagé les avoirs miniers de la Miba (diamant) et de la Gécamines (cuivre, cobalt, cassitérite, germanium, zinc, etc.). Rien qu’à la Gécamines, on a bradé 55 % de ses gisements à Kolwezi (Kamoto, Kov, Dima, Dikuluwe, Ruwe, etc.) valant 176 milliards de dollars, ses 31 % à Tenke et Fungurume pour la valeur de 95 milliards, sans oublier des joyaux importants du restant de se 14 % des mines à Likasi, Lubumbashi et Kipushi et évalués à 44 milliards de dollars américains. A ces réserves minérales, qui auraient dû être négociées pour 300 milliards de dollars, s’ajoutent les valeurs des installations industrielles, des infrastructures, fonds de commerce technique, etc. L’ addition est lourde. Le ” troisième pillage” est profond et fondamental.

Nikanor

Côté congolais, les “mining jackers”, ou prétendus investisseurs et arracheurs de contrats, ont soutenu que Miba et Gécamines n’avaient pas d’ argent. Mais ils ont avoué qu’ ils en étaient également dépourvu, en promettant qu’ ils rechercheraient les fonds nécessaires. L’ incapacité financière des Miba et Gécamines était momentanée, car il aurait suffi d’une meilleure gestion pour réaliser des auto-financements ou emprunter auprès de Bailleurs de fonds des capitaux modestes qui se remboursent en moins de cinq années. De plus, les partenaires étrangers ont soutenu que les gisements non exploités n’ ont aucune valeur négociable, ce qui a convaincu les autorités de la Transition à les remettre quasi gratuitement. Les mêmes ont aussitôt étalé ces mêmes ressources minières pour obtenir et garantir des prêts, attirer des acheteurs de leurs droits d’ exploitation et encaisser des plus values colossales. Ce faisant, ils ont bel et bien négocié à l’extérieur les valeurs minérales congolaises. Car ce sont TOUS les bénéficiaires des contrats qui les ont immédiatement revendus. Et de bien entendu, ces cessions des valeurs congolaises n’ ont pas été gratuites. Mais ni Miba, ni Gécamines propriétaires des avoirs négociés n’ont encaissé un penny.

Adastra Minerals

La zimbabwéenne Oryx Natural Resources, agissant par sa filiale African Mining Investment Ltd. (AMIL), a revendu ses 80 % dans la Sengamines au Sud-Africain Mike Nunn, à travers First African Diamonds Ltd. Depuis, Sengamines est devenue « EMIKOR » (Entreprise Minière de Kasai Oriental SARL). La Miba qui avait été dépouillée de la concession kimberlitique n’ a rien touché de la revente de sa concession de 800 KM2 et que Oryx avait évaluée à 2 milliards de dollars US. Deux autres zimbabwéens ont revendu leurs acquisitions congolaises gratuites. 64 % de Shaford Capital de Billy Rautenbach ont été vendus à CAMEC (Central African Mining & Exploration Company) pour 80 millions de dollars au nez et à la barbe de la Gécamines partenaire à 20 % dans Boss Mining. Tremalt Limited de John Bredenkamp a été rachetée par Dan Gertler International (DGI) avec la particularité que le zimbabwéen n’ a jamais investi véritablement, tandis que la Gécamines maintenue à 20 % dans Kababankola Mining Company n’a même jamais touché de dividendes. On retrouve Dan Gertler avec 75 % dans le contrat DRC Copper Project (DCP) pour la fameuse mine KOV de la Gécalmines. Gertler a aussitôt évaluée la mine à 2 milliards de dollars américains permettant à la société NIKANOR de lever 400 millions de dollars à la bourse AIM de Londres et d’ obtenir la capitalisation boursière la plus importante avec un poids de 1,2 milliards de dollars US. La Gécamines avec ses 25 % n’ a pas bénéficié du moindre sou, alors que cette flambée des valeurs lui est due entièrement et pleinement.

Lundin Mining

Lundin Holdings Limited avait vendu à Phelps Dodge ses 55 % dans Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM) en empochant une valeur boursière multipliée par 7. Mais, en prime, Lundin s’est vu octroyer par le gouvernement de Transition une rallonge de 24,75 % prélevés sur la participation de la Gécamines qui a été réduite de 45 à 12,5 % du capital de TFM. De la jungle des affaires a surgi Tiger Resources, associée à Orgaman de Damseaux qui a rachète les 60 % de l’ association avec la Gécamines dans la Société Minière de Kabolela et de Kipese (SMKK) et les 60 % dans SEK (Société d’ Exploitation de Kipoi). La société Demourra a vendu les 80 % de participation dans Société Minière de Kolwezi (SMK) à Anvil Mining pour la mine souterraine et à Chemaf pour la partie supérieure sans retombées sur la Gecamines, généreuse donatrice maintenue à 20 % du capital. Africo Resources Ltd a racheté 75 % de la joint venture Société d’ Exploitation des Gisements de Kalukundi (SWANMINES) ce qui a porté sa capitalisation boursière à 94.797.392 de dollars canadiens, sans rémunération pour la Gécamines qui n’ a obtenu que 25 % du capital pour 100 % des apports. De son côté First Quantum a réalisé une OPA hostile et pris le contrôle de Adastra Minerals avec 275 millions de C $ pour contrôler 87,5 % de KMT (Kingamiambo Musonoi Tailings) laissant la Gécamines sur le carreau avec 12,5 %. Le groupe Forrest a revendu à la Copper Resources Corporation ses 75 % dans la Minière de Musoshi et Kinsenda SARL (MMK), au nez et à la barde de Sodimico.

Tenke Mining

Cette liste des affaires juteuses avec le patrimoine de l’Etat reste exemplative. Mais on peut évaluer toutes ses transactions en milliards de dollars américains au cours de la dernière année de la Transition. Mais les valeurs boursières vont grimper en flèche lorsque les projets commenceront à produire et à distribuer des dividendes. Ces manipulations posent le problème philosophique et moral du capitalisme sauvage. Il y aurait des émotions, même dans les pays les plus libéraux. La France reste vigilante sur toute prise de contrôle de ses fleurons industriels par des étrangers. La bourse allemande Deutsche Börse, qui gère la place de Francfort a résisté à rejoindre Euronext (Paris, Bruxelles, Amsterdam et Lisbonne) lors de leur rachat par la Bourse de New York. Même les Etats Unis ont fait de la résistance à la société Dubai Ports World qui proposait 6,8 milliards de dollars pour racheter les grands terminaux portuaires basés à New York, New Jersey, Baltimore, La Nouvelle-Orléans, Miami et Philadelphie. Au Congo-même, le capitalisme sauvage avait été placé sous contrôle par Léopold II, en soumettant les sociétés par actions à des autorisations par décrets. En 1966, Mobutu avait imposé la domiciliation au Congo des opérations d’exploitation, ce qui emportait leur domiciliation fiscale congolaise. Ainsi, les deux dirigeants autocrates et réputés prédateurs étaient de fervents nationalistes.

First Quantum Minerals

Voilà qu’au XXIème siècle, un gouvernement de Transition livre à des spéculateurs toutes les richesses minérales substantielles du pays. C’est le Congo qui est désormais à la merci des humeurs des bourses. Cela pose un problème sérieux de souveraineté dans la mesure où la maîtrise des ressources naturelles est un attribut de cette souveraineté. De plus, les ” mining jackers” confirment que les titres miniers ont de la valeur et servent de garanties pour leurs financements et profits privés. La République n’a plus de gisements ou de participations financières consistantes qui pourraient lui servir de garanties dans ses propres dossiers de financements internationaux et à long terme. La République est nue pour avoir rhabillé l’ étranger. La République reste au biberon de la communauté internationale alors qu’ au même moment des milliards de dollars sont échangés et spéculés. La Transition a lancé le « quatrième pillage » qui se porte bien. Il n’ y a encore personne pour l’ arrêter. Pas encore.

Nestor Kisenga



Big Brother reigns supreme in England

18 11 2007

En Angleterre, le gouvernement est en train d’établir une méga-base de donnée contenant le nom, l’adresse, des données biometriques (photo, ADN, empreintes digitales, iris, etc.) , l’emploi, et en fait, toute l’information que le gouvernement possède sur les citoyens anglais. Ceci en conjonction d’une carte nationale d’identité qui serait le point d’entré de la méga-base de donnée. Pour l’instant le gouvernement dit que la carte ne sera pas obligatoire, mais l’article 13 de «l’identity card act» de 2006 stipule que les services publique rendus par le gouvernement (éducation, système de santé, etc.) pourront être refusés à toute personne ne possédant pas une carte d’identité et donc une entrée dans la méga-base de donnée. Tout ceci au coût d’entre 10 et 20 milliards de livres sterling (au bas mot) que le contribuable devra assumé. Les anglais(es) vont payer cher pour se faire surveiller.

Voici la lettre de l’organisme NO2ID qui milite contre cette banque de donnée digne de la Gestapo en Angleterre, si vous êtes en Angleterre la lettre mentionne aussi les actions qui se déroule en se moment:


NO2ID Supporters’ Newsletter No. 84 – 8th November 2007

Contacting us: Call or email the office – 020-7793-4005 or (office@no2id.net). Please do not reply to this email. (The from address is not a working email address)

ID INTERROGATIONS BEGIN IN EARNEST

A year later than intended and with very little publicity, the government’s network of ID interrogation centres is starting to open for business. The Identity & Passport Service (IPS) website now lists around 20 towns and cities with open centres, of the 60 that you’ve already helped us track down:

http://www.no2id.net/getInvolved/idCentres.php

Please help us find the rest, and warn anyone over the age of 16 who needs to apply for their first adult passport to do so quickly*. The National Identity Register (NIR) isn’t built yet, and IPS won’t start fingerprinting trials until next year at the earliest so there’s still time to avoid automatic registration on the NIR.

If you are renewing your passport and get called in for ‘interview’, PLEASE GET IN TOUCH – send an e-mail to national.coordinator@no2id.net. We are eager for first hand reports of the actual process, which may give us some clues as to how we can further frustrate and resist the system.

*Get them to visit http://www.RenewForFreedom.org for more information, or download our fact sheet.

++ STOP PRESS ++

NEW DEBATE ON FRICTION.TV

With 1 million new profiles added to the DNA database in the last year alone, NO2ID National Coordinator, Phil Booth, speaks out against the arbitrary expansion and lifelong retention of this most personal of data on Friction.tv at http://friction.tv/debate.php?debateno=1351
Please chip in with your views and comments – and why not start your own debate? Videos can be uploaded from a webcam, or even a mobile phone.

What’s next?

24th November – BIRMINGHAM / WEST MIDLANDS REGIONAL MEETING

Phil Booth, National Coordinator, will be coming to Birmingham this November for a meeting of all NO2ID groups in the West Midlands, open to everyone who wants to do something in the fight against ID cards and the database state on their patch. Come and learn how to set up a group and campaign in your area; meet other campaigners and share ideas; find out where the ID scheme and related initiatives are heading, and what you can do about it.
DATE & TIME: Saturday 24th November 2007, 10:30am for 11:00am start.
VENUE: The Priory Rooms, Friends Meeting House, 40 Bull Street, Birmingham B4 6AF
[Heading on after 13:00 to The Old Contemptibles, 175 Edmund Street for lunch/beer and further planning.]

Local groups news

We now have groups in 36 of the 69 locations of ID interrogation centres (see www.no2id.net/getInvolved/idCentres.php). If you can help to set up a local group in one of the remaining towns then please contact our Local Groups liaisons Matty and Deborah at (local.groups@no2id.net). A full list of local groups can be found at www.no2id.net/localGroups

Saturdays 1pm – 3pm – NO2ID Edinburgh street stall

Every week, weather permitting, you will find our campaigning stall at the east end of Princes Street, opposite the Balmoral Hotel. Do drop by for a chat. New volunteers – please contact John (edinburgh@no2id.net), and for more group information see http://www.no2id-scotland.net/edinburgh/

Most Saturdays 2pm – NO2ID Glasgow Street Stall

Most Saturdays there are stalls in Glasgow city centre (usually Buchanan Street) from about 2pm. Volunteers are always welcome, please contact Geraint if you would like to help: glasgow@no2id.net

Passport interrogations (Glasgow)

Glasgow NO2ID are keen to hear from anyone who has been summoned to attend the interrogation centre at Blythswood House after applying for their first passport. Please contact Geraint at glasgow@no2id.net or Charlie at myspace.com/no2idglasgow

9th November – Cambridge NO2ID at Caius Questions

Friday, 9th November, 8.30pm at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge CB2 1TA(http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/directions.php). Cambridge NO2ID coordinator Andrew Watson will join representatives of Cambridge student political societies on the panel for “Caius Questions”, modelled on BBC’s Question Time. All welcome.

10th November – Manchester NO2ID Street Stall

Saturday, 10th November 1-3pm in St. Anne’s Square. The main objectives of the afternoon will be to raise awareness among the public, engage people in discussion about the NIR, and collect petitions for the NO2ID petition to keep people in touch with the campaign. We’ll meet in the square itself at 1pm to set up shop; feel free to join us to lend a hand or just chat. You don’t need any experience or equipment, just a bit of time to spare and a friendly smile! For more information email manchester@no2id.net or call 07982 814441.

13th November – Staines NO2ID Meeting

Tuesday, 13th November 8pm at the Links Pub in Ashford (opposite Bonjour petrol station and golf course). For more information contact staines@no2id.net

13th and 27th November – Glasgow NO2ID fortnightly meeting

Tuesday, 13th November and 27th November at 8pm in Mono. Glasgow NO2ID’s regular fortnightly meetings. All welcome. Map: http://www.glasgow-no2id.org.uk/meeting.html

14th November – Manchester NO2ID Meeting

Wednesday, 14th November 7-9pm in the upstairs function room of the Town Hall Tavern, Tib Lane, Manchester. Sadly, this venue is not wheelchair-accessible; please contact us if you have accessibility needs. At our monthly meetings we discuss the state of the NO2ID campaign, what we’ve been up to recently and where we’re going in future. Everyone is welcome, newcomer or not, curious or committed. The Town Hall Tavern serves reasonably-priced, good quality food until 9pm so you don’t need to pop home for tea – you can even order your meal brought up to the function room. For more information email manchester@no2id.net or call 07982 814441.

20th November – Home Affairs Committee ‘A SURVEILLANCE SOCIETY?’ Evidence Session

Tuesday, 20 November 2007 at 10.15 am in Committee room 8, House of Commons. Witnesses: Tim Wright, Chief Information Officer, Department for Children, Schools and Families, Richard Jeavons, Director, IT Service Implementation, Department of Health, Stephen Hickey, Director General for the Safety, Service Delivery and Logistics Group, Department for Transport, and Steve Burton, Deputy Director of Transport Policing & Enforcement,Transport for London, Clare Moriarty, Constitution Director, Ministry of Justice, and John Suffolk, Government Chief Information Officer. The session can be watched at http://www.parliamentlive.tv/

24th November – NO2ID Brighton Social Event

Saturday 24th November 3pm-6pm at the Lord Nelson on Trafalgar Street. In the coming months, Brighton & Hove NO2ID like to help students at the Universities of Brighton & Sussex start their own NO2ID societies. We’d like to work with local politicians to introduce a motion to the council declaring Brighton & Hove’s opposition to ID cards, and the difficulties they would cause for local government. Most of all, we’d like to get more people involved in the campaign so that by the time the next election comes (it may not be now, but it’ll be on us sooner than you think!) we can really get lobbying, force candidates to take a stance on the issue, and work towards electing a government that will repeal the Identity Cards Act 2006 and put an end to Labour’s ID cards folly for good. To kick-start these plans, we’re organising a social event. It’s open to all, and is the perfect opportunity to ask questions, volunteer or even become a paid-up member of NO2ID. If nothing else, we’d love you to come and meet us, enjoy a chat over a drink and have some nibbles! There’s no obligation to do anything at all, but we hope you might want to. There’ll be a buffet and entry is free.

24th November – NO2ID Cambridge Stall

Saturday, 24th November, 10am at Cambridge Guildhall. Location Map:http://tinyurl.com/eo42r. Cambridge NO2ID’S next street stall will be in the usual spot. As ever, volunteers to help very welcome – please email cambridge@no2id.net, or text/call Andrew on 07710 469624 if you can make it.

5th December – Cambridge NO2ID pub meeting (1st Wednesday of each month)

Wednesday, 5th December, 7.30pm at the Free Press (pub), 7 Prospect Row, Cambridge CB1 1DU (http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=cb1+1du). Cambridge NO2ID’s informal pub meetings are on the first Wednesday of each month. Join us at 7:30pm on Wednesday 5th December . For more details contact cambridge@no2id.net, or text/call Andrew on 07710 469624.

5th December – Southampton NO2ID Meeting (1st Wednesday of each month)

Wednesday, 5th December at 8:00 pm in the Dolphin Pub in St Denys. For more information contact southampton@no2id.net

9th December – NO2ID stall Swiss Cottage (Joint Initiative by Southwark Kensington & Chelsea and Camden)

On 4th November three groups manned a stall at Swiss Cottage and collected signatures and donations. We will repeat the same exercise on Sunday 9th December. While someone mans the stall, the rest spread out walking round Swiss Cottage shopping areas with the petition collecting signatures and donations. If you live in London and you are free on 9th December, please come and join us. For more information email camden@no2id.net, kensington@no2id.net or southwark@no2id.net


What just happened?

Glasgow City Council fails to pass anti-ID motion

On 1st November Glasgow City Council rejected a motion against ID cards and the National Identity Register. The motion focussed on the adverse fiscal impact that integration with the National Identity Register would have on council services. Not one of Labour’s 45 councillors was prepared to stand up to defend the ID scheme or voice any support for it. Instead, Cllr. Coleman (Lab) proposed that the council take “no action”. The amendment was carried 40-31, with 4 abstentions. Speaking after the vote, Cllr. Stuart Clay said: “It was disappointing that the administration did not support the motion, but by proposing “no action” they seemed to imply they were uncomfortable about the UK Government’s proposals.” Geraint Bevan, NO2ID Scotland co-ordinator, said: “There is no support for the Home Office’s identity tax in Glasgow. There is no support for it in Scotland. If the UK Government do not accept this reality, we will see a repeat of the poll tax fiasco.”

Tom Wise MEP helps Cambridge NO2ID campaigners

Tom Wise, UKIP MEP for the East of England, joined NO2ID campaigners on their street stall in Cambridge on Saturday 3rd November. Wise said: “The last time we had ID cards in the UK was during the Second World War, and they were scrapped soon after. This is one of the few countries in the EU that does NOT require us to carry ID of any description; that freedom is one we must preserve.”

David Blunkett loses ID cards debate in Letchworth

Former Home Secretary David Blunkett, the political architect of the ID scheme, defended it at a public debate on Tuesday 6th November – and lost. He and Simon Carr, political sketch writer at The Independent, debated the motion “Law-abiding Britons have nothing to fear from identity cards” at an event organised by David’s Bookshop in Letchworth. Before the debate a slim majority of the 160-strong audience said they disagreed with the motion. After both sides had put their points of view, the number opposed had increased noticeably. Mr Blunkett apparently still believes that biometric identification is completely infallible and that the ID card database can be made completely accurate (the “clean database” fallacy) and invulnerable to insider fraud, data theft or external cyber-attacks. He told the audience that he has no fear of people knowing all about him – and was selling copies of his autobiography to prove it.

Southampton NO2ID on the street

Southampton NO2ID held it’s first street stall outside Waitrose in Portswood, Southampton on Saturday 3rd November. Group co-ordinator Ian Thomas said: “There was a lot of interest from passers by many of whom were keen to know what the case against ID cards was. I think a few minds were changed. Several people pointed out the irony of us asking for their name and address, but that too was able to be used as we pointed out that their information would be held in accordance with the Data Protection Act and that we were not forcing them to sign up!” The group intends to have another stall plus walking billboards in the town centre in the run-up to Christmas.

Worcester NO2ID up and running

This week Worcester NO2ID held their first meeting. Group co-ordinator Luke Albarin said: “Our meeting was amidst the swirls and twirls of Brown’s musings about ID. We’ve been on local BBC radio, had online and print cover in the local press, and we’ve challenged our pro-ID Labour MP to face his Conservative and Lib Dem opponents in a public debate.” The group plan to set up Saturday street stalls in Worcester, and then Redditch, the Home Secretary Jacqui Smith’s constituency. For more information about the Worcester group contact worcester@no2id.net

Serious Crime Act 2007 receives Royal Assent

On 30th October the Serious Crime Act 2007 received Royal Assent. The Act clears the way for large-scale data-matching. Read Spy Blog’s analysis of the Act and the distressing lack of opposition to it at (http://tinyurl.com/34qw9f).

ID scheme cost report published

The latest ID scheme cost report was released this week. The report says that there are “considerable uncertainties” in its estimates. The Home Office chose to release the report on the same day as the IPCC report into Jean Charles de Menezes was published. Read the report at:
http://www.ips.gov.uk/identity/downloads/2007-11-06_Identity_Cards_Scheme_Cost_Report_November_2007.pdf

Comment on government’s ‘Service Transformation Agreement’

Last month the government released the blandly-named “Service Transformation Agreement” which further lays out plans to abolish privacy. Each government department is listed with its data-sharing and identity management strategy. For instance the Ministry of Justice “is leading a cross-government programme to deliver a package of measures over the next 3-5 years to overcome current barriers to information sharing within the public sector”. Meanwhile the Department for Work and Pensions is engaged in “using and supporting Tell-Us-Once in developing and testing identity management service propositions – this includes research on data-sharing legislative frameworks”. The full document has been posted on-line at the ‘Comment On This’ website, where each clause can be commented on.
http://www.commentonthis.com/servicetransformation/

The price of privacy

On 1 November, Germany started issuing second-generation ePassports. As well as the bearer’s name, date of birth and photo, the RFID chips now contain two fingerprints. The very same day, the enterprising city of Lübeck launched a new product – aluminium sheaths to keep the data safe from freelance scanners. Yours for an extra 6 euro when you pick up your passport.


“ID” in the news

Tackling a global identity crisis – epractice.eu 6/11/07

A new international initiative, the Centre for Ethical Identity Assurance (CEIA), involving industry, government and academic partners has been launched to address the growing problem of identity fraud, the demand for greater identity assurance and the need to develop common standards and practices in this area. The CEIA will operate under the aegis of the Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility (AIM Global), a global trade association representing manufacturers and vendors of identity verification technologies.
http://www.epractice.eu/document/4042

Security minister defends ID cards, longer detention – The Register 5/11/07

The Liberal Democrat party has attacked the proposed National ID card scheme, on the grounds that the government cannot effectively implement simpler plans such as passport interviews. But the new government security minister has mounted a spirited defence.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/11/05/lib_dems_n_admiral_lord_west_on_security_terror/

Spine to be shut for two day ‘refresh’ – e-Health Insider 1/11/07

Connecting for Health (CfH) and BT have confirmed that the NHS Spine will be unavailable when it is taken down for a major upgrade from next Friday evening until Sunday morning (9-11 November). The Department of Health agency describes the refresh of software and hardware as ‘unusual’ and ‘unlikely’ to occur again in the future. A practice ‘refresh’ of the Spine has already been carried out as a dry run in a recent technical rehearsal.
http://www.e-health-insider.com/news/3176/spine_to_be_shut_for_two_day_’refresh

US: Is Real ID plan on its deathbed? – cnet news 2/11/07

The U.S. government’s controversial plan to outfit all Americans with uniform electronic identification cards–officially known as Real ID–may be on its deathbed, opponents of the program charged this week.
http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9809992-7.html

What happened to the Crosby review? – Ideal Government 31/10/07

So why hasn’t all that promising hard work by Sir James Crosby for Gordon Brown seen the light of day? Remember, he was looking into what Britain needs from ID management from a public-private business point of view.
http://www.idealgovernment.com/index.php/blog/what_happened_to_the_crosby_review/

Clegg vows to defy ID cards law – The Guardian 31/10/07

Nick Clegg, the odds-on favourite to become Liberal Democrat leader, yesterday announced that he will break the law and refuse to provide details of his identity if the government presses ahead with plans to make ID cards compulsory.
http://politics.guardian.co.uk/libdems/story/0,,2202171,00.html

Promising proposal for near universal user authentication method – ovum 29/10/07

A UK start up company, GrIDsure, has patented an approach to authenticating users that has a very wide range of applications. It is already being touted as a replacement for conventional Chip and PIN and for solving the problem of user authentication in online transactions. The Churchill Professor for Operational Research at the University of Cambridge has estimated it to be 100 times more secure than conventional Chip and PIN, and it has already won endorsements from Visa, MasterCard and the Cabinet Office of the UK government.
http://www.ovum.com/news/euronews.asp?id=6300

Government orders review of data sharing – ComputerWorldUK 26/10/07

The government has ordered a review of data sharing by both public and private sector bodies. The move was announced by prime minister Gordon Brown in a speech at the University of Westminster focused on civil liberties issues. Brown acknowledged that there is “continuing debate about identity cards”, although procurement for the controversial £5.4bn ID cards scheme has begun and eight firms have now been shortlisted as potential suppliers.
http://www.computerworlduk.com/management/government-law/legislation/news/index.cfm?newsid=5876

ID cards will be secure, insists Home Office – silicon.com 25/10/07

The Home Office has defended the UK ID cards scheme after security expert Frank Abagnale – a one-time confidence trickster made famous by the Steven Spielberg film, Catch Me If You Can – said the scheme should be scrapped if the government cannot ensure it is secure.
http://www.silicon.com/publicsector/0,3800010403,39168938,00.htm

E-borders function creep:Unpaid fines may stop people leaving UK – The Guardian 6/8/07

Ministers are also looking at ways of using the new £1.2bn “e-borders” programme to collect more than £9m owed in health treatment charges by foreign nationals who have left the country without paying.
http://politics.guardian.co.uk/homeaffairs/story/0,,2142456,00.html

(Please send me any items of interest you encounter – Editor(newsletter@no2id.net) )



Les infirmières maltraitées dans le secteur privé

15 11 2007

repris de l’Aut’Journal:

La FIQ interpelle le Groupe Castonguay

09 novembre 2007

Pierre Dubuc

« En Angleterre, les infirmières veulent revenir au secteur public. Elles avaient trouvé alléchant d’aller au secteur privé. Mais leur salaire a diminué de 11% en trois ans. » Voilà une des leçons que Lina Bonamie, la présidente de la Fédération interprofessionnelle de la santé du Québec (FIQ), rapporte de sa participation au congrès de l’Internationale des services publics qui s’est tenu à Vienne en Autriche, du 24 au 28 septembre.

« L’atelier sur l’Angleterre était fort couru, nous dit-elle, particulièrement pour ceux oeuvrant dans le domaine de la santé. Comme cela est en train de se passer ici, les agences privées ont servi de fer de lance à la privatisation. Mais les conditions ont radicalement changé en quelques années. »

Une offensive mondiale généralisée

Lina Bonamie raconte que le gouvernement garantissait les fonds de retraite des infirmières qui passaient au privé, mais que les nouvelles infirmières qui s’inscrivent maintenant au privé n’y ont pas droit.

« On a fait miroiter une diminution des listes d’attente avec les partenariats public-privé mais, après cinq ans, on constate que les listes s’allongent tant au privé qu’au public. On n’a rien réglé », a-t-elle appris.

« La situation est similaire au Nicaragua, enchaîne-t-elle. Avec la privatisation, on a constaté une détérioration importante des indicateurs de santé, comme le taux de mortalité infantile. On veut revenir au public. »

Ces deux exemples illustrent bien ce que la délégation québécoise a entendu au congrès de l’Internationale des services publics où des représentants de 120 pays étaient présents. « Partout, c’est une offensive généralisée contre les services publics. Dans certains pays, on commence par vouloir privatiser l’eau. Dans d’autres, c’est la santé qui est dans le collimateur. »

« Mais, selon elle, partout, le pattern est le même. On fait mauvaise presse aux services publics pour que la privatisation apparaisse comme la solution. »

Castonguay veut le ticket modérateur

La FIQ a rencontré le Groupe de travail de Claude Castonguay dont le mandat est de proposer des voies pour la privatisation du réseau de la santé. « On connaissait le mandat du comité et on a bien vu la tangente qu’il prend, nous confie Lina Bonamie. Mais on a quand même proposé des alternatives. »

« On a insisté particulièrement sur le rôle des compagnies pharmaceutiques. En deux ans et demie, nos salaires ont augmenté d’à peine 2% alors que le coût des produits pharmaceutiques a grimpé de 205% ! On a plaidé pour la diminution de la durée des brevets des médicaments. M. Castonguay nous a ressorti l’argument usé que les entreprises vont quitter le Québec », raconte la présidente de la FIQ.

Un autre sujet majeur abordé lors de la rencontre avec le Groupe Castonguay : le ticket modérateur. « M. Castonguay a dû reconnaître qu’il n’y avait aucune étude à travers le monde en appui à cette politique mais, de toute évidence, il veut l’essayer quand même. »

« Notre pratique nous apprend que, dans les salles d’urgence, il y a beaucoup plus de gens qui ont trop attendu avant de se présenter que d’abuseurs. La preuve a été faite avec l’assurance-médicaments : quand les gens ont à débourser un montant d’argent, plusieurs retardent l’achat et la prise de leurs médicaments. »

« On a compris à ses propos que M. Castonguay exempterait les gens qui sont à la sécurité du revenu, mais ce sont ceux qui ont des revenus à peine supérieurs, qui sont juste à la marge, qui écoperont », ajoute-t-elle.

Une pénurie maintenue volontairement

Bien évidemment, la FIQ mène le combat contre l’ouverture de cliniques privées comme le projet Rockland MD. « Où le privé va-t-il aller chercher son personnel, ses infirmières sinon dans le public? On va les former dans le public pour le privé !? Est-ce là la solution?! », lance-t-elle.

Les cliniques privées ne vont qu’accentuer le problème criant de la pénurie de personnel. Une pénurie maintenue volontairement, selon elle.

Le rôle clef des agences privées dans le processus de privatisation n’échappe pas à Lina Bonamie. L’Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec vient de révéler à cet égard des chiffres troublants. En un an, le secteur privé a vu ses rangs grossir de quelque 350 infirmières. Du coup, ses effectifs ont atteint les 6000 professionnels. Depuis l’an 2000, la proportion d’infirmières travaillant dans le réseau public est passé de 87% à 83%.

« On nous dit que les agences répondent aux besoins des jeunes infirmières qui ne voudraient pas travailler à temps plein, qui voudraient pouvoir choisir leurs horaires, leur lieu de travail. C’est évident, rétorque Lina Bonamie, que si le choix est d’être précaire dans le public ou travailler pour une agence, plusieurs vont choisir l’agence. »

« Les administrations publiques aiment bien, précise-t-elle, engager des gens à statut précaire, en leur offrant deux jours de travail garantis et le reste sur appel. Mais cela a des conséquences désastreuses sur l’organisation du travail. Le nombre d’heures supplémentaires a augmenté de 144% en trois ans. »

Pour contrer la privatisation, offrir des emplois à temps plein

Quelle est alors la solution? « Elle est bien simple, nous dit Lina Bonamie. Il faut offrir des postes à temps complet. Dans le réseau, à peine 47% des infirmières sont à temps complet ! On nous dit que les jeunes ne veulent pas travailler à temps complet. C’est bizarre, mais cela ne concernerait que le personnel de la santé. Dans les autres secteurs d’activité, dans les nouvelles technologies, dans l’industrie, les gens s’arrachent les emplois à temps complet. Pourquoi ce serait différent dans la santé? »

La FIQ, avec ses partenaires du Secrétariat intersyndical des services publics (SISP), va poursuivre cet automne sa campagne contre la privatisation de la santé. « À Vienne, raconte Lina Bonamie, nous avons fait en atelier une présentation fort appréciée par les congressistes des campagnes menées avec nos collègues du Syndicat de la fonction publique du Québec, du Syndicat des professionnels du gouvernement du Québec, de l’Alliance du personnel professionnel et technique de la santé et des services sociaux et de la Centrale des syndicats du Québec. Ça nous a stimulé à continuer. »

 



Les Congolaises et Congolais sont trahi(e)s de nouveau!

14 11 2007

jianada digu0zhuyiLors de la dernière campagne électorale de la RDC, l’opinion publique congolaise avait réussi à soutirer une unique promesse aux candidats imposés au Congo par les puissances impérialistes (Canada, ÉU, Europe, Australie): réviser les contrats scandaleux (dit léonins au Congo) attribuées aux compagnies minières qui ont (entre beaucoup d’autres choses) financé Laurent D. Kabila (père de l’actuel “président”) lors de sont coup d’État pour venir au pouvoir au Congo. «Élu», Joseph Kabila a en effet procédé à l’établissent d’une commission pour réviser les contrats, mais il y a quelques jours, Kabila, fidèle à ses Maîtres impérialistes et trahissant le peuple congolais de nouveau, abandonna la vraie révision. Voici des précision de Congolite:

La révisitation face à une tentative de crime presque parfait (1)

12 novembre 2007 – Alors que la Commission Gouvernementale de Révisitation des Contrats Miniers devait rendre son rapport en toute transparence, les travaux ont été clôturés dans la précipitation, et sans le concours des experts et des représentants de la Société Civile qui avaient été conviés. Par coïncidence, les trois contrats les plus décriés (TFM [Tenke Fungurume Mining], KCC [Kamoto Copper Company = Groupe George Forrest et sa filiale Katanga Mining] et DCP [DRC copper/cobalt project= Nikanor depuis acheté par Katanga Mining, projet financé par Glencore]) se sont renforcés, ce qui vide l’exercice de sa véritable substance. Par coïncidence, les décideurs des combinaisons minières décriées ont été installé à la tête d’organes politiques, ce qui constitue un obstacle à tout débat public à des réajustements équitables. Face à cette organisation, la désinformation est organisée, et même assumée par une presse muette et un public qui n’a pas soif de l’information. La boucle est presque bouclée, comme pour un crime (presque) parfait. Le pillage minier est à l’ordre du jour depuis 2000, depuis que l’ONU avait lancé le fameux Panel qui avait mis au grand jour la politique du pillage des ressources naturelles et non renouvelables et l’implication des belligérants congolais et de leurs sponsors ou alliés étrangers. Les rapports du Panel furent ensuite adoptés par le Dialogue InterCongolais de Sun City où il fut décidé que le Parlement de Transition monterait une commission ayant le pouvoir d’inspecter et de redresser tous les contrats conclus de 1996 à 2003. Ce fut la fameuse Commission Lutundula qui avait dévoilé le pillage orchestré en haut lieu et même sa poursuite sous la Transition. Mais non seulement le rapport Lutundula n’a jamais été débattu, les contrats les plus importants et, par cela même, les plus léonins, ont été conclus dans la précipitation en automne 2005. Ce fut le bradage ultime destiné à léguer à la postérité un déséquilibre évident en faveur de spéculateurs internationaux, contre, selon toute vraisemblance, des dividendes cachées en faveur des décideurs d’époque, et dirigeants d’aujourd’hui et de demain. Mais les pressions de l’opinion publique ont été telles que les deux camps des présidentiables du second tour des élections avaient fini par faire du réexamen des contrats miniers l’une de leurs rares promesses électorales.

Le gouvernement du marxiste et intransigeant Gizenga allait-il rétablir la Nation dans ses droits à la juste et meilleure rémunération de ses richesses naturelles? Il semble que non. Certes Gizenga a désigné un filleul politique comme ministre des mines, mais les observateurs ont relevé que c’est le vice-ministre issu du clan présidentiel qui dirige le ministère des mines. De même, le plan de gouvernement quinquennal et le budget 2007 n’ont jamais intégré les ressources pouvant provenir d’une meilleure gestion des richesses minérales. Gizenga n’aurait pas fait une omission dissemblable s’il avait opté pour le maintien des contrats miniers décriés. Par contre, le gouvernement issu des urnes avait la capacité de légitimer les contrats issus des régimes dits « illégitimes ». Dès lors, certains analystes craignaient que la mise sur pied d’une Commission Gouvernementale de Révisitation des Contrats Miniers ne fût qu’une astuce pour blanchir ce qui est le plus décrié. Mais à la condition qu’on éloigne le débat de la scène publique. Dans la transparence, l’énumération du standard général des contrats miniers avec la précipitation à allouer des gains abusifs et à long terme ne pourrait jamais résister à l’indignation de l’opinion publique. Partenaires extérieurs et complices au Pouvoir étaient alliés objectivement pour que la Commission fonctionne comme une sorte de blanchisserie et à guichet fermé. Cette alliance aura été facilitée par le fait que les dossiers miniers sont entre les mêmes mains, depuis toutes ces dernières années; et ceux qui avaient dribblé tour à tour le Panel de l’ONU et la Commission Lutundula détiennent toujours le pouvoir politique.

Lorsque fin 2005, il devint évident que le rapport Lutundula serait étouffé, des fuites généreuses furent organisées, et le document se retrouva sur Internet. Les responsables politiques se réfugièrent derrière l’absence de validité d’un document qui n’ avait pas connu de publication officielle. Mais aucune autorité n’avait jamais mis en cause les constats et les conclusions des commissaires. En 2007, plusieurs verrous avaient été mis en place pour encadrer la Commission de Révisitation meublée de fonctionnaires méprisés que l’on a même tenté d’encadrer avec une maison suisse qui avait représenté les intérêts étrangers dans les mêmes contrats. La pourriture du dossier aurait été telle que tous les verrous de sécurité auraient sauté. Les nouveaux commissaires de 2007 n’ont retenu aucun contrat. Autrement dit, tous les contrats ont été rejetés, avec, en prime, des critiques acerbes et des recommandations pour en renégocier certains. Suite à des pressions pour modifier le texte, le rapport a connu des fuites organisées. Tout aussi généreusement qu’en 2005. Une fois de plus, l’autorité a dénoncé l’absence de validité d’un rapport qui n’aurait pas encore été signé. Une fois de plus, aucune autorité n’a contesté le moindre aspect récriminatoire des conclusions de la Commission de Révisitation. Il avait été aisé de bloquer le rapport parlementaire Lutundula, d’autant que l’intéressé aurait avoué une complicité objective en intégrant l’Alliance Pour la Majorité Présidentielle (AMP) dont des ONG avaient retracé le financement par les contrats miniers. En 2007, une marge de manœuvre existe encore, selon des observateurs. Toutes les sociétés impliquées, particulièrement dans le Katanga minier, réalisent des actions dites sociales pour faire croire qu’elles sont profitables aux populations. Entre un démagogue comme le gouverneur Moïse Katumbi et les contractants léonins il se crée ainsi des synergies pour la désinformation et empêcher toute relecture des contrats. L’autre piste suivie est de mettre le pays devant le fait accompli. Tel est le cas avec les contrats miniers chinois en échange de travaux d’infrastructures que personne ne rejetterait. Est-ce à dire que les dés sont pipés. La réponse serait affirmative.

Hilaire Kashala (A suivre)
______________________________________________________________

AVERTISSEMENT : De commun accord, notre groupe d’experts comprenant Hilaire Kashala, Nestor Kisenga, Philippe Mutamba, Victor Ngoy, Valérien Ngoy et Jean Kyalwe, nous avions renoncé à diffuser nos analyses sur la question minière. L’israélien Dan Gertler nous avait menacés, ainsi que les sites qui nous diffusaient, alors que les faits et toutes les sources étaient exacts. En particulier, un magazine avait estimé sa fortune personnelle à 500 millions de dollars, mais dans sa réplique Gertler avait avoué qu’il ne pesait 250 millions, qui restent excessifs et qui proviennent essentiellement de ses affaires et affinités congolaises qui lui ont servi de tremplin. Nous avions décidé d’ignorer Gertler, jusqu’au jour où l’israélien avait loué un bandeau publicitaire sur un des sites qui nous diffusaient. On a arrêté. Car l’essentiel avait été fait : nous avions montré que l’accès à l’Internet et aux dépêches boursières sont des outils indispensables. Malheureusement, il ne se trouve toujours pas de journaux ou sites congolais qui suivent cette actualité. Le sujet n’intéresse pas davantage la presse francophone internationale. Nous avons maintenant décidé d’écrire de temps à autre, chaque fois que nous sentirons un silence pesant et insultant pour notre intelligence et notre nationalisme



Rothschild: juge et partie dans le pillage du Congo

13 11 2007

repris de Congolite:

Révision des contrats miniers : les Ong congolaises accusent la Compagnie Benjamin De Rothschild d’être juge et partie

(image: logo de la Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild)

12 juillet 2007 – Un vent favorable a fait parvenir à Congolité un mémorandum des Ong membres du Forum de la Société Civile Congolaise (FSC), dans lequel ces organisations non-gouvernementales dénoncent des conflits d’intérêts dans le processus de la revisitation des contrats miniers initiée par le gouvernement. Ces Ong accusent, entre autres, la Compagnie Benjamin De Rothschild d’être, à la fois, juge et partie. En effet, selon les Ong, « Il se dégage de l’analyse des conflits d’intérêts que la Compagnie Benjamin De Rothschild ne devrait pas en ce temps offrir ses services comme expert au gouvernement de la RDC. » Car, ces Ong ont établi un lien direct entre la Banque de Rothschild (une filiale de la Compagnie Benjamin De Rothschild) et les entreprises suivantes : Adastra (ancienne AMF); Anglo American; American Diamond Buyers [appartient aux même gens que Adastra]; Barrack Gold; De Beers; Kingamyambo Musonoi Tailings (KMT) [filière d'Adastra]; Kinross Gold [filière du Groupe Forrest]; Nikanor [depuis fusionnée avec Katanga Mining, filière du groupe Forrest]; Quantum Minerals; Phelps Dodge [appartient à Freeport]; Umicore (anciennement Union Minière). Ces entreprises en consultance financière à la Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild « sont celles-là même qui ont le gros des contrats miniers en RDC qui nécessitent une révision en priorité dans tous les domaines : cuivre, cobalt, diamant et or. De ce fait, les Ong membres du FSC recommandent que la Compagnie de Rothschild se récuse et que l’Etat congolais décline son expertise. Par conséquent, les Ong demandent à la Compagnie de Rothschild de se récuser comme Expert. Le document dénonce aussi d’autres conflits d’intérêts. Les Ong attirent “l’attention sur le fait que les contrats les plus importants ont été signés sous l’autorité des membres du gouvernement de transition dont certains sont encore aux affaires publiques à ce jour ou représentant des entreprises privées”. “La plupart des contrats ont été signés à l’avantage d’entreprises d’origine des pays membres de l’ancien Comité international d’accompagnement de la transition (Ciat) qui n’avaient pas intégré la question de bonne gouvernance dans son mandat”, rapporte le mémorandum.

MEMORANDUM DES ONG DE LA RDC ADRESSE AU MINISTRE DES MINES EN RAPPORT AVEC LE PROCESSUS DE REVISION DES CONTRATS MINIERS

1. Introduction

o Les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) membres du Forum de la Société Civile Congolaise (FSC) vous transmettent par le présent Mémo les points saillants qui nécessitent l’attention de la commission gouvernementale de « revisitation » des contrats miniers et des informations relatives aux conflits d’intérêts dans les dossiers sous étude.

o Vous trouverez ci-dessous des préoccupations majeures, notamment celles relatives aux renseignements faisant état des conflits d’intérêts des experts internationaux et leurs liens avec des banques privées qui agissent en bourse comme consultant en techniques financières au nom de certaines entreprises minières mises en cause.

2. Justification de la révision des contrats, selon les ONG membres du Forum

o La Résolution 1803 du Conseil de Sécurité de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) pose le principe de la souveraineté permanente des peuples sur leurs ressources qui servent l’intérêt communautaire. Ce principe revient également dans la Charte économique des droits et des responsabilités des Etats de 1974 qui se réfère à l’ordre économique international.

o La résolution 1756 du Conseil de Sécurité de l’ONU renouvelant le mandat de la MONUC établit le lien direct entre l’exploitation illégale des ressources naturelles par les entreprises multinationales, l’élite congolaise, l’insécurité ainsi que le trafic d’armes en RDC. Faits établis depuis 2002 par le panel d’experts de l’ONU qui rattache les intérêts des entreprises privées à la guerre déclenchée en RDC depuis 1996.

o Le 15 mai 2007, le Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies a proposé au gouvernement de la RDC, comme solution à la consolidation de la paix dans le pays, alternative appuyée par la communauté internationale, l’extension de l’autorité de l’Etat sur tout le territoire; l’établissement du contrôle effectif sur les ressources naturelles; et l’amélioration de la gestion des ressources de la RDC.

o Le 11 juin 2007, le Ministre des mines a procédé au lancement officiel des travaux de la commission de revisitation des contrats miniers signés en grande partie en période de guerre, conformément a son arrêté n°2745/cab.min/mines/01/ du 20 avril 2007 portant mise sur pied de la commission ministérielle chargée de la « revisitation » des contrats miniers. L’esprit et la lettre de cette décision rejoignent la recommandation du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies qui, au mois de févier 2007, proposait la communion d’efforts des secteurs public et privé pour promouvoir la sécurité, la bonne gouvernance, assurer la transparence dans les affaires et dresser un code de bonne conduite du secteur privé en RDC.

o Se référant au droit congolais, les ONG estiment que bien des contrats sont contraires aux lois et dispositions constitutionnelles sur les droits individuels collectifs. A titre d’exemple, l’article 3 du Code minier dispose que « les sites et concessions minières sont la propriété exclusive et inaliénable de l’Etat congolais », et l’article 9 de la Constitution de la RDC du 18 février 2006 rappelle la souveraineté permanente de l’Etat sur ses ressources tel qu’énoncé par la résolution 1803 du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies ci-haut invoquée.

3. Préoccupations

o Les ONG membres du FSC sont préoccupées par les limites de compétence dans le chef des personnes qui ont négocié les contrats miniers pour le compte des entreprises minières congolaises. Il s’avère que la plupart des contrats en cause ont porté sur des gisements connus et documentés, mais qui n’ont pas respecté la procédure d’appel d’offre.

o Les organes des entreprises publiques appelés à les engager ont souvent outrepassé leurs pouvoirs, soit par manque d’autorisation, soit par manque d’approbation du ministère de tutelle.

o Les contrats signés ont généralement fait l’objet de beaucoup d’avenants qui les ont dénaturés par la suite.

o Concernant les partenaires privés, les ONG ont de même relevé que certains ont vendu ou cédé des titres miniers obtenus sous contrat d’amodiation. Cette pratique n’est ni autorisée ni conforme au code minier congolais et ni à celui de bonne conduite généralement accepté par les entreprises minières et bourses internationales.

o Du point de vue économique et technique, il n’y a pas eu au préalable de valorisation réelle des concessions ou gisements faisant l’objet des contrats.

o La plupart de partenaires sans moyens financiers propres n’ont pas tenu compte de la clause sociale pour les travailleurs et les populations congolaises. Ils se sont battus pour avoir la part du lion consacrant des graves inégalités au détriment de l’Etat et des entreprises congolais, privant ainsi la population de son droit de jouir des richesses de son pays, comme l’énonce les articles 53 et suivants de la Constitution de la RDC.

o Les royalties payées, toutes choses restant égales par ailleurs, ne sont pas identiques pour les partenaires. Elles sont calculées tantôt sur des recettes nettes tantôt sur des recettes brutes.

o Par conséquent, depuis la signature des dits contrats, le secteur minier n’a pas contribué à l’amélioration du PIB, des revenus à l’exportation et des recettes budgétaires de l’Etat. En sus, les entreprises minières n’ont réussi ni à relancer leurs activités, ni à réduire les dettes. Elles ont perdu la capacité de refaire leurs fonds propres et de réhabiliter l’outil de production.

4. Préoccupations spécifiques aux conflits d’intérêts

o Les ONG voudraient attirer l’attention sur le fait que les contrats les plus importants ont été signés sous l’autorité des membres du gouvernement de transition dont certains sont encore aux affaires publiques à ce jour ou représentant des entreprises privées.

o La plupart des contrats ont été signés à l’avantage d’entreprises d’origine des pays membres de l’ancien Comité International d’Accompagnement de la Transition (CIAT) qui n’avaient pas intégré la question de bonne gouvernance dans son mandat.

o En ce moment de la perspective de la révision, les ONG constatent que le gouvernement a choisi trois institutions d’experts internationaux : la Fondation OSISA, le Centre Carter et la Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild. Des informations reçues des différentes sources et celles tirées de leurs sites respectifs, la Fondation OSISA travaille dans les pays d’Afrique australe sur des questions liées a la démocratie et Droits humains, le Centre Carter travaille pour la promotion de la paix, la lutte contre les maladies et la construction de l’espoir des peuples du monde. Cependant, la Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild S.A. (CTBR) créée en 1989 à Genève, fait partie du Groupe LCF Rothschild appartenant à la branche Genevoise de la famille Rothschild. Elle accompagne ses clients dans la définition, la quantification et la gestion de leurs risques financiers : Taux d’intérêt (actif ou passif), Devises (flux de trésorerie et exposition du bilan), Matières Premières, Actions et autres activités financières.

o De diverses sources, les ONG du FSC ont appris que la Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild est très liées à la banque NM Rothschild qui est parmi les grandes banques du monde. NM Rothschild et la Compagnie Benjamin Rothschild sont membres de Rothschild Holdings avec des intérêts dans Rothschild Group and Rothschild Inc. Toutes ces institutions sont propriétés de la famille Rothschild. En plus, Benjamin de Rothschild est membre du conseil d’Administration de la Rothschild Continuation Holdings (RCH).

o La banque N.M. Rothschild, a été très active aux cotés des entreprises minières en RDC a titre de consultant financier. De même qu’en 1999, la Zimbabwe’s Merchant Bank of Central Africa Limited était enregistrée comme membre du groupe dans le rapport annuel.

o Les ONG ont établi un lien direct entre la Banque de Rothschild et les entreprises suivantes : Adastra (ancienne AMF); Anglo American; American Diamond Buyers; Barrack Gold; De Beers; Kingamyambo Musonoi Tailings (KMT); Kinross Gold; Nikanor; Quantum Minerals; Phelps Dodge; Umicore (anciennement Union Minière).

Adastra/AMF/Kingamyambo/Quantum :

Adastra (anciennement AMF) est une entreprise canadienne. Elle avait recouru aux services de NM Rothschild comme consultant financier en 2006. NM Rothschild avait représentée Adastra dans les opérations d’achat/vente avec Quantum Minerals. Adastra était vendu éventuellement a 245 millions de dollars américains en cash et stock. Adastra était gérée par M. Jean-Raymond Boulle, qui devint plus tard associe dans Anglo American co-propriétaire de American Diamond Buyers avec Joseph Martin. AMF était aussi affilié à Barrack Gold avec M. Boulle.

Anglo-American :

Anglo American est reconnue comme étant la troisième grande entreprise minière opérationnelle dans le monde. Deux de ses subsidiaires opèrent en RDC, il s’agit d’Anglo Gold Ashanti et De Beers. Rothschild Inc. sert de conseiller financier a la compagnie Mondi, subsidiaire d’Anglo American. Mais aussi, l’un des hauts responsables d’Anglo American, M. Russell Edey, est Directeur adjoint de la banque NM Rothschild Corporate Finance. David de Rothschild, chef de NM Rothschild était le conseiller d’Anglo American dans l’achat de Kumba Resources, une grande entreprise minière sud Africaine.

Barrick Gold :

Barrick Gold est une entreprise minière canadienne. M. Nathaniel Rothschild est membre du Conseil d’Administration de Barrick Gold et Directeur de “Rothschild Foundation” appartenant à la famille De Rothschild.

DeBeers :

La famille Rothschild, depuis des longues années, possède toujours des grandes parts sociales dans DeBeers. Lord Rothschild était l’un des membres fondateurs de DeBeers Consolidated Mining Company en 1873.

Kinross Gold :

Rothschild Inc. était le conseiller stratégique de Kinross Gold. Kinross Forrest, l’une des entreprises accusées de forte corruption, avait fait une joint venture entre Kinross Gold <http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Individualcompanies/K/KinrossGold> , George Forrest <http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Individualcompanies/G/GeorgeForrest> et Tain Holdings. Elle a été acquise complètement par Katanga Mining <http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Individualcompanies/K/KatangaMining> , anciennement Balloch, en juin 2006. George Forrest <http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Individualcompanies/G/GeorgeForrest> est l’actionnaire majoritaire dans Katanga Mining.

Nikanor :

NM Rothschild est le conseiller financier de Nikanor, une entreprise minière opérationnelle en RDC. Nikanor possède les droits miniers sur les sites de Kananga et Tilwezembe et gère le Concentrateur de Kolwezi. La même entreprise cherche à réhabiliter KOV et construire une raffinerie de cuivre et cobalt. Nikanor est listée à la bourse de Londres depuis le 17 juillet 2006 avec un lever de fond de 434 millions de dollars américains.

Phelps Dodge :

Rothschild Inc. est aussi le conseiller financier de Phelps Dodge, une entreprise américaine, plus spécifiquement sur le crédit de financement du projet Tenke Fungurume Mining.

Umicore :

Umicore est une entreprise minière belge qui forme un holding d’entreprises de cuivre qui s’appellerait Cumerio, comprenant celles qui sont déjà opérationnelle en RDC. NM Rothschild branche d’Australie est désignée comme cabinet de conseil financier dans les transactions.

5. La fédération des entreprises du Congo (Fec) devrait donner sa position

o La FEC, partenaire de l’Etat congolais, devrait dire un mot sur le processus de révision des contrats, alors que l’opinion nationale se fait une mauvaise impression des entreprises minières présentées à ce jour comme étant dans la logique d’entretien de l’insécurité pour mieux exploiter des ressources naturelles du pays.

o Les investisseurs étrangers, les entrepreneurs congolais membres de la FEC autant que les organisations de la société civile, devraient contribuer à la recherche de la solution pour la bonne gouvernance des richesses de l’Etat dans la transparence, suivant l’appel de l’ONU fait aux acteurs non étatiques.

o A l’instar de l’église catholique qui a dénoncé les mauvaises conditions d’exploitation minière au Katanga et au Kasaï, ainsi que l’insécurité entretenue dans les provinces de l’Est de la RDC; la FEC devrait passer à la population congolaise un message clair afin que le soutien de la communauté internationale ait un sens.

6. Conclusion et recommandations

Aux entreprises multinationales et la FEC

o Les ONG membres du FSC recommandent que les entreprises multinationales collaborent totalement avec la commission gouvernementale à rétablir les entreprises publiques, l’Etat et la population congolais dans leurs droits.

Au gouvernement de la RDC

o Que le gouvernement manifeste la détermination à en finir avec le pillage orchestré par l’élite congolaise en son sein, en prenant des mesures coercitives, conformément à la loi pénale en rapport avec le détournement des biens publics.

o Au regard des limites de compétence professionnelle des personnes qui négociaient les contrats miniers pour le compte des entreprises minières congolaises en outrepassant leurs pouvoirs, les ONG membres du FSC recommandent une mise à niveau du personnel et la sanction correspondante.

o Que les titres miniers obtenus sous contrat d’amodiation et cédés aux tiers, soient récupérés conformément aux lois congolaises en vigueur.

o Que les concessions ou gisements ayant fait l’objet des contrats en ignorant leurs valeurs réelles, soient réévaluées, afin de faciliter la renégociation des parts des entreprises et l’Etat congolais.

o Que les contrats dont les partenaires n’ont pas présenté leurs moyens financiers propres soient révisés, afin de permettre aux entreprises et l’Etat congolais de rentrer dans leurs droits respectifs.

o Que les contrats consacrant des graves inégalités au détriment de l’Etat et des entreprises congolais au profit des entreprises privées soient rééquilibrés ou annulés.

o Que les royalties payées soient identiques pour tous les partenaires, toutes choses restant égales par ailleurs.

A la Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild et le gouvernement congolais

o Il se dégage de l’analyse des conflits d’intérêts que la Compagnie Benjamin De Rothschild ne devrait pas en ce temps offrir ses services comme expert au gouvernement de la RDC. Car, les entreprises citées ci-haut en consultance financière à la Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild sont celles-là même qui ont le gros des contrats miniers en RDC qui nécessitent une révision en priorité dans tous les domaines : cuivre, cobalt, diamant et or. De ce fait, les Ong membres du FSC recommandent que la Compagnie de Rothschild se récuse et que l’Etat congolais décline son expertise.

Aux ambassades accréditées à Kinshasa

o Il s’avère de même que les entreprises bénéficiaires de la plus part des contrats miniers soient canadiennes, belges, américaines, anglaises, chinoises et sud africaines, les pays qui avaient le plus d’influence au sein de l’ancien CIAT et qui continuent à jouer un rôle clé dans la vie politique interne de la RDC. Les ONG membres du FSC recommandent que les chancelleries en poste à Kinshasa soient justes et jouent un rôle plus transparent vis-à-vis du gouvernement congolais.

A la MONUC

L’ONU reconnaît le lien direct entre l’exploitation illégale des ressources naturelles par les entreprises multinationales et l’élite congolaise, et l’insécurité ainsi que le trafic d’armes en RDC. D’autant qu’elle reconnaît que la situation est entretenue dans le but de contrôler les richesses naturelles de la RDC. Les ONG membres du FSC lui recommandent de redoubler ses efforts, suivant son mandat, afin de mettre fin à la maffia internationale liée à l’exploitation illégale des richesses; d’aider l’Etat congolais à étendre son autorité sur tout le territoire; rétablir le contrôle effectif sur les ressources naturelles et d’améliorer la gestion des dites ressources.



Behind the War on the Congo

12 11 2007

repris de ocnus.net et Zmagazine:

(Photo: Uraguayan special forces MONUC hunting FDLR in Kahuzi Beiga National Park under Operation Falcon Sweep.)

Behind the Numbers

Untold Suffering in the Congo

By Keith Harmon Snow & David Barouski, CCA 26/10/06
Oct 30, 2006, 11:28

The British medical journal Lancet recently took greater notice of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) than all western media outlets combined. A group of physicians reported that about 4 million people have died since the “official” outbreak of the Congolese war in 1998 (1). The BBC reported the war in Congo has claimed more lives than any armed conflict since World War II (2). However, experts working in the Congo, and Congolese survivors, count over 10 million dead since war began in 1996—not 1998—with the U.S.-backed invasion to overthrow Zaire’s President Joseph Mobutu. While the western press quantifies African deaths all the time, no statistic can quantify the suffering of the Congolese.

Some people are aware that war in the Congo is driven by the desire to extract raw materials, including diamonds, gold, columbium tantalite (coltan), niobium, cobalt, copper, uranium and petroleum. Mining in the Congo by western companies proceeds at an unprecedented rate, and
it is reported that some $6 million in raw cobalt alone—an element of superalloys essential for nuclear, chemical, aerospace and defense industries—exits DRC daily. Any analysis of the geopolitics in the Congo requires an understanding of the organized crime perpetrated through multi-national businesses, in order to understand the reasons why the Congolese people have suffered a virtually unending war since 1996.

Some people have lauded great progress in the exposure of illegal mining in DRC, particularly by the group Human Rights Watch (HRW), whose 2005 report “The Curse of Gold” exposed Ugandan officials and multi-national corporations smuggling gold through local rebel militias. The cited rebel groups were the Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI) and the People’s Armed Forces of Congo (FAPC). The western companies targeted by HRW were Anglo-Ashanti Gold, a company headquartered in South Africa, and Metalor, a Swedish firm. The HRW report failed to mention that Anglo-Ashanti is partnered with Anglo-American, owned by the Oppenheimer family and partnered with Canada-based Barrick Gold described below (3). London-based Anglo-American Plc. owns a 45% share in DeBeers, another Oppenheimer company that is infamous for its near monopoly of the international diamond industry (4). Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, a director of Anglo-American, is a director of Royal Dutch/Shell and a member of U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan’s Advisory Board (5). The report also suppressed the most damning evidence discovered by HRW researchers—that Anglo-Ashanti sent its top lawyers into eastern DRC to aid rebel militia leaders arrested there.

Several multi-national mining companies have rarely if ever been mentioned in any human rights report. One is Barrick Gold, who operates in the town of Watsa, northwest of the town of Bunia, located in the most violent corner of the Congo. The Ugandan People’s Defense Force (UPDF) controlled the mines intermittently during the war. Officials in Bunia claim that Barrick executives flew into the region, with UPDF and RPF (Rwanda Patriotic Front) escorts, to survey and inspect their mining interests (6).

George H.W. Bush served as a paid advisor for Barrick Gold. Barrick directors include: Brian Mulroney, former PM of Canada; Edward Neys, former U.S. ambassador to Canada and chairman of the private PR firm Burston-Marsteller; former U.S. Senator Howard Baker; J. Trevor Eyton, a member of the Canadian Senate; and Vernon Jordan, one of Bill Clinton’s lawyers (7).

(Photo: Rape has been used as a systematic means of instilling terror in the
people all over DRC. This girl (20) fled Eastern DRC and crossed the
country on foot to find some refuge in Western DRC.)

Barrick Gold is one of the client companies of Andrew Young’s Goodworks International lobbying firm. Andrew Young is the former Mayor of Atlanta, and a key organizer of the U.S.-Uganda Friendship Council. Young was chosen by President Clinton to chair the Southern Africa Enterprise Development Fund in October 1994. Goodworks’ clients—or business partners in some cases—include Coke, Chevron-Texaco, Monsanto, and the governments of Angola and Nigeria (note weapons transfers from Nigeria cited below). Young is a director of Cox Communications and Archers Daniels Midland—the “supermarket to the world” and National Public Radio sponsor whose directors include Brian Mulroney (Barrick) and G. Allen Andreas, a member of the European Advisory Board of The Carlyle Group.

Barrick Gold’s mining partners have included Adastra Mining—formerly named America Mineral Fields (AMFI, AMX, other names), formerly based in Hope, Arkansas, Bill Clinton’s hometown. Adastra had close ties with Lazare Kaplan International Inc., the largest diamond brokerage firm in the U.S., whose president, Maurice Tempelsman, has been an advisor on African Affairs to the U.S. Government and has been the U.S. Honorary Consul General of the Congo since 1977 (8).

Maurice Tempelsman accompanied Bill Clinton during his African tour in 1998, and he sails with the Clintons off Martha’s Vineyard. He serves on the International Advisory Council of the American Stock Exchange, and is a director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, a
”scientific” front for his offshore diamond mining—raking the seabed into oblivion.

Adastra also purchased a diamond concession on the Congolese-Angolan border from the Belgian mercenary firm International Defense and Security (1998), and currently has cobalt and copper concessions in Congo’s Katanga (Shaba) province (9). Adastra is a member of the Corporate Council on Africa, along with Goodworks, Halliburton, Chevron-Texaco, Northrop Grumman, GE, Boeing, Raytheon, Bechtel and SAIC—the latter two being secretive intelligence and defense entities involved in classified and supra-governmental “black” projects.

In April 1997, Jean-Ramon Boulle, a co-founder of Adastra (then AMFI), received a $1 billion dollar deal for mines in the Congo at Kolwezi (cobalt) and Kipushi (zinc) from Laurent Kabila’s Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Zaire (ADFL) before they were even officially in power. The ADFL were even allowed to use Boulle’s private jet (10). Meanwhile, directors of Adastra are also former directors of Anglo-American (11). Other Clinton-connected founders of Adastra include Michael McMurrough and Robert Friedland—both involved in shady, criminal, offshore businesses in Indonesia, Africa, Burma and the Americas (12).

Barrick sub-contracts to Caleb International, who has also partnered with Adastra in the past. Caleb is run by Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni’s half-brother Salim Saleh, the former acting General of the UPDF. When Uganda withdrew from the Congo in 2002 following a so-called “peace” agreement, Saleh began training paramilitary groups to act as Ugandan proxies to sustain the flow of minerals into Uganda (13).

Salim Saleh is a shareholder in Catalyst Co. of Canada, who has a 100% interest in Uganda’s Kaabong gold fields (14). He is a part owner of Saracen, a private military company created by the mercenaries-for-hire firm Executive Outcomes (15). The U.N. Panel of Experts on Illegal Exploitation of Congo’s Mineral Resources recommended Salim Saleh be put on a travel ban and have his assets frozen, but nothing was done.

Recent interventions by the armed U.N. peacekeeping mission in the Congo (MONUC) have concentrated on disarming or eliminating the Forces for the Democratic Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), a rebel group that opposes Rwanda, and the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a rebel group that opposes Uganda. (Note that the Rwanda military has partnered with its erstwhile “enemies”—the FDLR—when necessary to secure resource plunder while Uganda has its own pattern of complicity with its “rebel” enemies. Rebel alliances are to perpetually shifting.) The removal of these rebel groups will effectively clear the eastern Congo for large–scale multi-national mining. The Mai-Mai militia, whose stated goal is “to protect Congo from Rwandan and Ugandan invaders,” has committed documented human rights abuses, yet they appear to be off the agenda for MONUC. The Mai-Mai operate in northern Katanga (Shaba) province and in the Kivus.

Katanga’s militias and racketeering are connected to criminal networks of businessmen, including Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe, Billy Rautenbach, John Bredenkamp, and Marc Rich. U.S. diamond magnate Maurice Tempelsman has profited from Katanga concessions since the Kennedy era. Lawrence Devlin, the old CIA station chief of Lubumbashi under Eisenhower, maintained Tempelsman’s criminal rackets with direct ties to Zaire’s former President Mobutu, and was subsequently employed by Tempelsman (16).

The Forrest Group has the longest history of exploitation in the Congo, gaining its first mining concessions before the Congo declared independence from the Belgians. The group, which includes the Ohio-based OM Group, has numerous concessions in Katanga (Shaba). Chairman George Forrest is the former chairman of the Congo’s state-owned mining firm GECAMINES, and owner of the New Lachaussee weapons manufacturing company.

Coltan ore is widely used in the aerospace and electronics industries for capacitors, superconductors and transistors after it is refined to tantalum. The U.S. is entirely dependant on foreign sources for tantalum, an enabling technology for capacitors essential to aerospace weaponry and every pager, cell phone, computer, VCR, CD player, P.D.A. and TV. U.S. import records show a dramatic jump of purchases from Rwanda and Uganda during the time they were smuggling tantalum and cobalt out of the Congo.

Sony dramatically increased their importation of coltan following the release of their Playstation 2, while Compaq, Microsoft, Dell, Ericsson, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Nokia, Intel, Lucent, and Motorola are also large-scale consumers (17). Sony’s current Executive Vice-President and General Counsel Nicole Seligman was a former legal adviser for Bill Clinton through the D.C. firm Williams and Connelly, LLP, whose clients included Bill Clinton and Oliver North (18). Sony Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer Robert Wiesenthal is a former banker with First Boston, a supporter of Refugees International’s “humanitarian” relief efforts at Rwandan refugee camps in Eastern Congo, just before the fall of Mobutu in 1995; Wiesenthal was also financial adviser to Cox Communications, OM Group, Time Warner and The New York Times (19).

(Photo: FDLR “genocidaires” — children with guns — in eastern DRC.)

Walter Kansteiner, the son of a coltan trader in Chicago, is the Assistant Secretary of State for Africa and former member of the Dept. of Defense Task Force on Strategic Minerals. Kansteiner’s speech at The Forum for International Policy in October of 1996 advocated partitioning the Congo (then Zaire) into smaller states based on ethnic lineage (20). Ironically, while the speech was given, Laurent Kabila and his ADFL were beginning their march to overthrow Mobutu with the aid of Rwanda, Uganda, and the U.S. (21). Kansteiner is a trustee of the Africa Wildlife Foundation—another euphemistic front for resource acquisition in Congo.

Bechtel, a U.S. aerospace & construction company, provided satellite maps of reconnaissance photos of Mobutu’s troops for the ADFL invasion of Congo in 1996; they also created infrared maps of the Congo’s mineral deposits (22). The Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF), led by Paul Kagame, the current Rwandan President graduate of the U.S. Army officers school at Fort Leavenworth, used Bechtel’s NASA maps to locate Rwandan Hutu civilians that fled the cataclysm in Rwanda in 1994. An estimated 800,000 refugees were hunted down and killed in the Congo’s forests (23). Bechtel’s friends in high places include former Secretary of State George Shultz (Board of Directors), former Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger (Bechtel Counsel) and retired U.S.M.C. general Jack Sheehan (Senior Vice President), who is also a member of the Defense Policy Board at the Pentagon (24). Riley P. Bechtel is on the Board of J.P. Morgan (25). Bechtel’s Nexant Company is the prime contractor on the Uganda-Kenya pipeline project, believed to ultimately facilitate petroleum transport out of the Semliki Basin of Lake Albert.

The U.N. Panel of Experts named New England-based Cabot Co. for conducting unethical business practices (26). Cabot is one of the largest tantalum processors in the world. The current Deputy Director of the U.S. Treasury, Samuel Bodman, was CEO and chairman of the board for Cabot from 1997-2001 (27). Current Director John H. McArthur is a Senior Advisor to Paul Wolfowitz at the World Bank (28).

Private Military Contractors (PMCs) are also big business in Africa. Brown & Root, a subsidiary of Halliburton, helped build a military base near Cyangugu, Rwanda just next to the Congo-Rwandan border. ”Officially,” Brown and Root was there to clear land mines, but instead housed mercenaries from Military Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI) who trained the RPF and Laurent Kabila’s ADFL for invasion of the Congo in 1996, and the Rwandan army’s re-invasion in 1998, after
Laurent Kabila threw out the Rwandans, Ugandans, Bechtel and the IMF (29). The French intelligence service reported that U.S. Special Forces and mercenaries from MPRI participated in the murder of Rwandan Hutu refugees on the Oso River near Goma in 1996 and even claims to have turned over the bodies of two American soldiers killed in combat near Goma (30). The circumstances surrounding the unofficial recovery of these two U.S. soldiers remain very mysterious (31).

MPRI is based in Arlington, Virginia and is staffed and run by 36 retired U.S. generals. It is contracted by the Pentagon to fulfill the African Crisis Responsive Initiative (ACRI). This program includes the Ugandan military, and it supplied military training in guerrilla warfare to Ugandan officers at Fort Bragg, North Carolina in July 1996. During the invasion of the Congo in 1998, Ugandan soldiers were found with ACRI equipment while Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have implicated Ugandan battalions trained by ACRI in rapes, murders, extortion, and beatings of Ugandan civilians (32).

Executive Outcomes founder Tony Buckingham has established other Private Military Companies that operate around Africa. Buckingham’s Heritage Oil & Gas works closely with his PMC Sandline International to manipulate the petroleum options around Lake Albert, and is believed to have signed concession deals with warring armies and governments on both sides of the Uganda-Congo border. Branch Energy is another Buckingham affiliated company operating in the Great Lakes region.

Investigations of illegal weapons sales to Rwanda last year, in violation of the U.N. arms embargo on the region, have been hampered by the Rwandan government’s refusal to provide a list of serial numbers of the 5000 AK-47s delivered there. The shipping country, Bulgaria, also refused to provide serial numbers, and would only confirm that the weapons were sold legally to a non-embargo country, Nigeria, en route to Rwanda and DRC. The governments of Uganda, Congo, South Africa and Equatorial Guinea—a major U.S. petroleum protectorate—are equally culpable in supporting the clandestine arms sales to the region (33).

Weapons shipments arriving by boat from Tanzania, and the Government of Tanzania’s role in supporting war in DRC, are never questioned. This may have something to do with Barrick Gold’s mining licenses in Tanzania’s Masaai territories. Aircraft flying between Tanzania, DRC, and from Kenya, are allowed to do so without proper documentation, record-keeping or customs oversight.

Another shady “untouchable” arms dealer operating behind the scenes in the region is an Indian-American named Mr. Kotecha. Kotecha’s interests in South Kivu are substantial, and he is openly fingered as dealing in money laundering, arms, coltan and diamonds. After the first U.S.-sponsored invasion of the Congo in 1996, Kotecha is known to have repeatedly boasted of being the “United States Consulate” in South Kivu. Kotecha holds a U.S. passport and owns a mansion in California.

When an outspoken local defender of human rights working for a small NGO (Pascal Kabungulu of Heritiers de la Justice) was assassinated during the summer of 2005 in Bukavu, the alleged killers, including a local Congolese military commander, were identified but MONUC and the international “community” took no action. The killing revolved around his role in exposing the Congolese commanders’ involvement in contraband smuggling (which continues today).

A U.N. Panel of Experts in a forthcoming report will challenge many airlines and companies for undertaking illicit flights (illegal, secret, unregistered or falsely registered) into and out of DRC. One of many notable companies apparently connected to Victor Bout’s arms trafficking networks is Simax, an Oregon-based company using an address in Sierra Leone. However, the U.N. Panel of Experts has once again ignored certain western agencies—with histories of illicit activities—whose flights remain equally surreptitious and unaccountable. At the top of the list is the International Rescue Committee (IRC)—directors include Henry Kissinger —whose flights in and out of Congo, and internal flights to and from isolated airports in eastern DRC, are completely unmonitored by MONUC arms embargo inspectors. In Bukavu, for example, all light aircraft are subject to MONUC arms embargo inspections, but IRC flights are not within the MONUC mandate. As one MONUC Military Observer admitted, “The IRC should be subject to the same standards as everyone else; otherwise we have to assume they are shipping weapons, because they do not let us confirm they are not.”

Similarly, while the U.N. Panel of Experts have investigated and reported on certain illegal criminal networks and activities in Congo, they never attend to the top-level deals brokered behind closed doors by executives from Adastra, Anglo-American, the companies of Sweden’s Adolph Lundin (a close friend of George H.W. Bush), who have control of mining concessions in Lubumbashi, Kolwezi and Mbuji Mayi areas in the Katanga (Shaba) and Kasai provinces. U.S.-based Phelps Dodge is partnered in Katanga copper/cobalt mining projects with Lundin’s Tenke Mining. Phelps Dodge director Douglas C. Yearly is also a director of Lockheed Martin, and the World Wildlife Fund—partnered with USAID and CARE in “conservation”—read: acquisition—projects all over Congo while CARE’s “humanitarian” agenda is also funded by Lockheed Martin.

“Conservation” interests provide the vanguard of western penetration in Central Africa: USAID, WWF, AWF, and Conservation International lead the charge. Evidence from USAID cases all over Congo quickly contradicts all fanfare about USAID bringing “sustainable” or “community development” projects. Most notable are the Central Africa Region Partnership for the Environment (CARPE) and Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP), two programs pressing hidden military, intelligence and economic agendas. Notably, National Geographic is involved in furthering the mythologies of conservation, democracy, community development, or the lip service paid to respecting and supporting indigenous people.

Some people have suggested the reason that there isn’t greater awareness and equitable intervention in the Congo is because “we simply don’t know what to do” to remedy the situation. However, it is fairly clear what needs to be done, the West is just unwilling to do it because of powerful economic and geopolitical reasons.

1. U.S. Military Training programs must have an oversight committee and total transparency. Western governments must end their hypocritical stance and ensure they don’t train any “rebel” or ”dissident” groups, especially if they are against a democratically elected government (provided the elections weren’t fraudulent), even if the elected government isn’t politically aligned with the western ideology and/or economic ideals. To do otherwise would refute claims that the west is intervening to “spread democracy.”

2. In parallel with number 1, a committee must be set up to ensure the same doesn’t occur for the private military companies. As multinational corporations, these firms aren’t subject to obey laws of warfare as an established country’s armed forces are supposed to. The U.N. must pass resolutions mandating the World Court and International Criminal Court (ICC) to prosecute such corporations. Lastly, when such companies are exposed for conducting illegal activities, such as aiding coups or trafficking human slaves, the corporations who conduct these activities must be blacklisted from receiving government contracts, domestic or international, and the guilty individuals must be prosecuted (34).

3. In the arms arena, more substantial efforts must be created to intercept and prosecute “embargo busters,” illegal brokers, and arms sellers. Furthermore, those selling, transporting, brokering, funding, or wiring arms transactions for weapons specifically intended for children should receive the harshest of the penalties (certain ”small weapons” are modified to reduce their weight to make it easier for a child to carry). Firms that participate in arms shipments, transport and/or the movement of the flow of the money generated from these sales with countries, people or organizations that are embargoed or act against national or international law should be held accountable for their crimes. Assets can be frozen, travel bans imposed, and all government and economic business ties with such firms severed. These penalties must also have an assurance of enforcement.

4. Debt relief is essential, but ways must be found to protect IMF and World Bank loans from being used for military expenditures. The motivations of World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz are suspect. Dr. Wolfowitz is a former Deputy Secretary of Defense under George W. Bush, a former ambassador to Indonesia under Ronald Reagan, a PNAC member, and dual citizen in Israel. Likewise, the World Bank and IMF must shift their policy of privatization as a stipulation for loan approval in order to stimulate business growth within the state instead of having the business sector growth be almost entirely from multinational corporations. The World Bank and IMF must also provide debt relief to the counties that need it most according to economic indicators. Some countries receiving debt relief, like Uganda and Rwanda, are among the biggest spenders of their loans in the military sector (35). It must be ensured that a majority of spending occurs on infrastructure and public services, and that this does not benefit the standard set of “embedded” western corporations. It must also be ensured the loan money is used in areas that need development the most. For example, in Uganda, the loan money Museveni has used for development has focused in the south in Kampala, the capital, and in Mbarra, his hometown. Meanwhile, the Acholi people, who always vote against Museveni’s party in the polls, are ignored and the situation in the Lira, Gulu, and Kitgum districts continues to deteriorate. In addition, individual countries must examine the aid they give to countries that spend a high percentage of capital on military, as well as commit human rights abuses. Lastly, debt relief doesn’t harm banks that gave the loans in the first place and collect on some of the interest rates, not to mention the American businesses that make profit on the privatized businesses as part of the loan deal. The debt is transferred to the taxpayers, so transparency is needed to insure that costs are also incurred by the firms granting the loans (if they want credit for their “humanitarian” debt relief).

5. Western countries must end the impunity for those responsible for looting minerals from Congo. Firms that purchase smuggled minerals, and/or purchase concessions from illegitimate rebel groups must be prosecuted. The World Court recently made a start by convicting Uganda and fining the government, but Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe remain unaccountable for their direct pirating, as are the Western firms that purchased the minerals, and Western individuals supporting them. (The Kimberly Process, established with the support of academic and intelligence experts at Harvard University, is a perfect example of the gatekeepers policing their own gates: the huge, entrenched, but secretive interests like the Oppenheimer/DeBeers and Maurice Tempelsman owned companies are legitimized as dealers of “clean” diamonds; while the other, far less connected competitors and challengers of the status quo, including Congolese children sneaking into mines and being shot for “stealing” the diamonds off their own starving families’ former lands, are demonized as dealers of “blood” diamonds.)

6. The World Court and International Criminal Court must hold all military and civilian leaders—African, U.S., European—that are guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity accountable for their actions. The West must not be allowed to shield criminals from prosecution by virtue of their economic and political alliances with Western governments. Governments that harbor these criminals should be subject to prosecution. Economic sanctions may not be proper, as poor nations generally suffer severe civilian casualties as a result; specific involved individuals in government and the military must be held accountable.

7. “Peacekeeping” forces, in particular MONUC, must be examined to ensure that the mission is being conducted with the interests of promoting stability in the country. As illustrated, elements of MONUC have used the mission as a cover to further the agenda of the West and its corporate sponsors under the banner of “peacekeeping,” causing the death of civilians in the process: those responsible should be tried and prosecuted. It must also be ensured that the investigations don’t stop at individual soldiers or brigades committing crimes, but to examine the chain of command and their allegiances to uncover the motivations behind MONUC operations. There have been reports of MONUC troops looting ivory, gold, and animal skins in National Parks. Villagers say that they have seen murders occur right in front of MONUC soldiers and they didn’t act to prevent the killings (36). MONUC soldiers have raped Congolese women (37). When pro-Rwandan rebel leaders Laurent Nkunda and Jules Mutibusi, both war criminals wanted by the U.N., took over Bukavu by force in May 2004, MONUC provided them with weapons and vehicles. Nkunda himself has stated the head of MONUC, William Swing, personally gave him a telephone to use during the raid. (38)

8. The international media is completely silent on virtually every major issue of significance with respect to war in DRC—and the international and criminal networks behind it. Misinformation about Africa prevails due to a concerted effort by the mainstream media to blackout the truth. A boycott of key publications is imperative, and must include the most offensive: Boston Globe, Washington Post, Newsweek, Time, US News & World Report, USA Today, New York Times, the New Yorker (Conde Nast Publications), Harper’s, Atlantic Monthly (highly subsidized by Lockheed Martin and Northrup Grumman) and, especially, National Geographic.

9. The fog of war needs to be cleared away from so-called ”humanitarian” and “human rights” programs, organizations and individuals currently aligned with the Western corporate enterprise. Notables in this category include: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, CARE, USAID, Norwegian People’s Aid, International Crises Group, International Rescue Committee, Refugees International, the Genocide Intervention Fund, and many U.N. bodies, but especially UNHCR. Most of these agencies appear to exist merely to perpetuate their own survival. Doctors Without Borders also deserves scrutiny for their recent actions in DRC.

10. The peace and justice community remains unaccountable for its failure to take any significant actions to mitigate war in Congo and expose the true reasons behind it. A first step should be open up the spaces to alternative voices currently excluded by major social justice media venues. Second is to declare a total boycott on diamonds and gold, and an organized campaign to protest and economically castigate diamond stores where Lazare diamonds are sold. A third action is the commitment of meaningful funds—both from individuals and from organizations—to support the vibrant grass roots organizations and individuals working for human rights, women’s health, disarmament, education, food security, rainforest and environmental defense in Congo. Fourth, people need to break through their fear (inculcated by the western media) of taking action to help people in the Congo: there is no reason—except the unacceptable—that westerners cannot establish a “Witness for Peace” program situated in the Congo.

11. Rights groups with missions pertinent to Congo’s need must expand their missions to include Congo. Rape is endemic in the Congo: a source of psychological and physical trauma, it contributes to the spread of HIV, Ebola and other sexually transmitted diseases. Survivors often give birth to HIV positive children with no prospects for medical or financial help. This has lead to an insurmountable need for aid to care for the orphans. Mothers of children conceived of rape are often disowned by their village and families. Western feminist and women’s rights activists and organizations must get involved and provide resources for the victims of rape in Congo. Those responsible for rapes must be tried and punished as per the law if guilty. Indeed, evidence from rape cases in rural DRC shows that sexual violence is significantly reduced simply by holding military officers accountable for their troops’ actions, but this is not happening.

12. MONUC’s Radio Okapi is the lifeline of news in DRC today, but programming is largely comprised of U.N. programming. The United Nations needs to be pressured to open up the Radio Okapi network, eliminate the “fluff” pieces, and diversify and deepen its programming and reportage. As a simple example of how things could easily be improved in DRC, programs that sensitize the public o the issue of rape, and sensitize the military to the punishment for it, could easily be implemented; such programming is never considered.

13. The transitional government in Congo is comprised of military leaders and government officials who must be held accountable for their crimes. Like the individuals, organizations, corporations and governments that have supported them, all are responsible for crimes against humanity. The current profiteering in DRC is enabled by these key players, who hold the highest levels of the DRC government, and whose crimes remain hidden by the western press. The transitional government must not be allowed to appoint war criminals to cabinet or parliamentary positions, as well as local governor positions in the provinces.


References

(1) “Mortality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Nationwide
Survey.” Benjamin Coghlan, Richard J. Brennan, Pascal Ngoy, David
Dofara, Brad Otto, Mark Clements, and Tony Steward. The Lancet, 7
Jan. 2006. Number 367 pp. 44-51

(2) “Thousands’ dying in DR Congo war,” BBC News, 6, Jan. 2006:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4586832.stm .

(3) “Depopulation & Perception Management Part 2: Central Africa,”
keith harmon snow. Pioneer Valley VOICE, Feb. 2001:
http://www.allthingspass.com/uploads/html-32Depop&PercepMan.htm ;”Congo: Capitalist Mineral Lust Fuels Bloodshed,” Direct Action:http://www.directa.force9.co.uk/back%20issues/DA%2028/regulars3_1.html
.

(4) “The Lost World War,” Erik Vilwar, Corporation Watch Newsletter,
Issue 13, March-April 2003:
http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/newsletter/issue13

(5) “Depopulation As Policy, or, How the Despair and Death of Millions
of African People is Daily Determined by the Lifestyle of Ordinary
Americans, in Small Town USA, With Nary a Word of Truth In the US
Press, If Anything At All, And Why Most of Us Know Nothing About It,
And Do Nothing To Stop It When We Do Know,” keith harmon snow, 2003: http://www.allthingspass.com/uploads/html-52Depopulation%20As%20Policy.htm
.

(6) Private interview, keith harmon snow, Bunia, 2005.

(7) “Central Africa: Hidden Agendas and the Western Press,” Pioneer
Valley Voice, keith harmon snow: http://www.audarya-fellowship.com/showflat/cat/WorldNews/48471/0/collapsed/5/o/1

(8) “Genocide and Covert Operations In Africa 1993-1999,” United
States One Hundred Seventh Congress. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. First Session. 17 May 2001. comp. Centre for Research on Globalization.
http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/MAD111A.html .

(9) Ibid.

(10) “Stolen Goods: Coltan and Conflict in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo,” Dena Montague, SAIS Review, vol. XXII no. 1
(Winter-Spring 2002); “Congo: Capitalist Mineral Lust Fuels
Bloodshed,” Direct Action:
http://www.directa.force9.co.uk/back%20issues/DA%2028/regulars3_1.html; “Congo: The Western Heart of Darkness,” Asad Ismi, The Canadian
Centre for Policy Alternatives Monitor, October 2001.

(11) “Depopulation & Perception Management Part 2: Central Africa,”
keith harmon snow, Pioneer Valley VOICE, Feb. 2001:
http://www.allthingspass.com/uploads/html-32Depop&PercepMan.htm .

(12) “Proxy Wars in Central Africa: Profits, Propaganda, and Luxury
Goods for the White World—Pacification, Rape, and Slavery for the
Blacks,” keith harmon snow, World War 3 Report, Issue No. 100, 19 July 2004: http://ww3report.com/proxy.html .

(13) “Named and Shamed,” Ruud Leeuw: http://www.ruudleeuw.com/vbout17.htm .

(14) “Uganda, Sanctions, and Congo-K: Who is Who in Uganda Mining,”
Africa Analysis, 5 June 2001:
http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/congo/2001/0606uga.htm .

(15) “Corporate Soldiers: The U.S. Government Privatizes Force,” Daniel
Burton and Wayne Madsen:
http://www.totse.com/en/politics/us_military/162741.html .

(16) David Gibbs, “The Political Economy of Third World
Interventions,” University of Arizona Press; and Wayne Madsen,
”Genocide and Covert Operations in Africa, 1993-1999,” Mellen Press,
1999.

(17) “The Lost World War,” Erik Vilwar, Corporation Watch Newsletter,
Issue 13, March-April 2003:
http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/newsletter/issue13 .

(18) “Sony Corporation of America: Executive Biographies,” Jan. 2006.
http://www.sony.com.SCA/

(19) “Proxy Wars in Central Africa: Profits, Propaganda, and Luxury
Goods for the White World – Pacification, Rape, and Slavery for the
Blacks,” keith harmon snow, World War 3 Report, Issue No. 100, 19 Jul. 2004: http://ww3report.com/proxy.html .

(20) “Genocide and Covert Operations In Africa, 1993-1999,” United
States One Hundred Seventh Congress, Subcommittee on International
Operations and Human Rights, First Session, 17 May 2001, comp. Centre
for Research on Globalization:
http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/MAD111A.html .

(21) “The U.S. (Under)mining Job of Africa,” :
http://cryptome.org/us-africa.wm.htm .

(22) “Stolen Goods: Coltan and Conflict in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo,” Dena Montague, SAIS Review, Vol. XXII, No. 1,
(Winter-Spring 2002).

(23) “A Continent for the Taking: The Tragedy and Hope of Africa,”
Howard French, 12 April 2005, Vintage, New York, NY.

(24) “The Exception to the Rulers: Exposing Oily Polititians, War
Profiteers, and the Media That Love Them,” Amy Goodman, David Goodman,
2004, Hyperion Press, New York, NY.

(25) See: “Friends in High Places: The Bechtel Story.”

(26) “Stolen Goods: Coltan and Conflict in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo,” Dena Montague, SAIS Review, Vol. XXII, No. 1,
(Winter-Spring 2002); Named and Shamed, Ruud Leeuw:
http://www.ruudleeuw.com/vbout17.htm .

(27) “Rwanda’s Secret War: U.S.-Backed Destabilization of Central
Africa,” keith harmon snow, 12 December 2004:
http://traprockpeace.org/keith_snow_rwanda.html .

(28) “Proxy Wars in Central Africa: Profits, Propaganda, and Luxury
Goods for the White World – Pacification, Rape, and Slavery for the
Blacks,” keith harmon snow, World War 3 Report, Issue No. 100, 19 Jul. 2004: http://ww3report.com/proxy.html .

(29) “The U.S. (Under)mining Job of Africa,”
http://cryptome.org/us-africa.wm.htm .

(30) “Genocide and Covert Operations in Africa, 1993-1999,” United
States One Hundred Seventh Congress. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. First Session. 17 May 2001. comp. Centre for Research on Globalization.
http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/MAD111A.html .

(31) Private interview, keith harmon snow, eastern DRC, July 2005.

(32) “Corporate Soldiers: The U.S. Government Privatizes Force,” Daniel Burton and Wayne Madsen:
http://www.totse.com/en/politics/us_military/162741.html .

(33) Confidential report, received, February 2006.

(34) “The Controversial Commando,” Pratap Chatterjee, 14 Jun. 2004:
http://www.guerrillanews.com/human_rights/doc4644.html ;
”CSC/DynCorp.” Corporation Watch:
http://www.corpwatch.org/print_article.php?list=type&type=18 ;
”Crossing the Rubicon,” Michael Ruppert, 2004, New Society
Publishers, Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: p. 79-80.

(35) “The Use of Rwanda’s External Debt (1990-1994): The
Responsibility of Donors and Creditors,” Michel Chossudovsky, Pierre
Galand, 30 March 2004:
http://www.globalresearch.ca/PrintArticle.php?articleId=364 .

(36) “Rwanda’s Secret War: U.S.-Backed Destabilization of Central
Africa,” keith harmon snow, World War Four Report, 12 Dec. 2004:
www.WorldWar4Report.com .

(37) “Proxy Wars in Central Africa: Profits, Propaganda, and Luxury
Goods for the White World—Pacification, Rape, and Slavery for the
Blacks,” keith harmon snow, World War 3 Report, No. 100, 19 Jul. 2004:
http://ww3report.com/proxy.html .

(38) “Report on Events in Bukavu, South Kivu: May 26 to June 9, 2004,” Network of Women for the Defense of Rights and of Peace,



Image du jour: pétrole, consomation et production

12 11 2007

Pétrole



La résistance Libyenne succombe

11 11 2007

La Libye a les plus grandes réserves pétrolière prouvée d’Afrique (suivit du Nigeria et de l’Algérie). Immédiatement après le coup d’État de Kadhafi en 1969, la Libye, refusait la pillage de ses ressources naturelles, plus particulièrement le pétrole et nationalisait les compagnies pétrolières (dont Conocophillips maintenent Chevron, ENI et BP) sur son territoire. La Libye fermait aussi alors les bases militaires étasuniennes et anglaises en Libye, qui avait jusqu’alors été un pays très près des pays de l’OTAN. La Libye, en décembre 1970, nationalisait aussi toute les banques opérant sur sont territoire.

En 1979 a lieu la révolution iranienne qui renverse le Chah d’Iran imposer sur l’Iran par les États-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne depuis que Mossadegh  (élu démocratiquement) ait voulu nationaliser le pétrole d’Iran qui était avant cela sous contrôle de BP. À peine un an après que le Chah ait été renversé, les États-Unis encouragent Saddam à envahir l’Iran, tout particulièrement la province du Khuzestan, ou la majorité du pétrole iranien est localisé.  À ce moment, alors que la majorité des pays arabes appuient l’Iraq, la Libye est un des seul pays a appuyer l’Iraq.

(Donald Rumsfeld et Saddam en 1983, Rumsfeld est alors l’envoyé de Reagan en Iraq pour appuyer l’Iraq dans sa guerre contre l’Iran)

La Libye appuie aussi l’IRA dans sa lutte pour l’indépendance de l’Irlande notamment en lui fournissant des armes.

Aussi, après la résolution de la crise pétrolière de 1979, de par leur accords avec l’Arabie Saoudite, les États-Unis ont effectivement court-circuiter l’OTAN, le cours du pétrole était en chute libre, ce qui n’était pas trop bon pour le compagnies pétrolière.

Donc en afin de nuire à la Libye et en même rehausser un peu le cours du pétrole, les États-Unis ont imposer des sanctions économiques à la Libye, interdisant entre autre l’importation du pétrole de Libye et l’exportation vers la Libye d’équipement pouvant être utilisé dans l’industrie pétrolière.

Ces sanctions combinées à la baisse du cours du pétrole a eu un effet dévastateur sur l’économie libyenne.  Cette économie, qui avait connu une croissance de sont PIB par habitant de  676% au cours des années 60 et de 480% au cours des années 70 a vu sont PIB par habitant chuter de 42% durant les années 80.

Après plusieurs tentatives infructueuses d’assassiner Kadhafi par Reagan, en 1988 il y a l’attentat de Lockerbie, probablement effectué par les services secrets britanniques et ou  étasuniens, mais faussement attribué à la Libye. Ceci permet aux États-Unis d’augmenter ses sanctions contre la Libye.

Toutes ces pressions et sanctions semblent avoir produit leurs effets sur la Libye (et la hausse du cours du pétrole récemment semble avoir au effet sur l’attitude étasunienne) car ressemant la Libye a signé une multitude d’ententes avec des compagnies pétrolières occidentales.  Mais plus significatif encore,  la Libye reprivatise ses banques.  En effet, la banque Sahara, la plus grande banque Libyenne avec 22% des dépôts et 17% des prêts en Libye est en train d’être vendue à BNP Paribas, qui a déjà acheter 19% des parts de la banque Sahara et a la possibilité d’augmenter sa participation jusqu’à hauteur de 51%, soit la prise de contrôle. 

En échange les sanctions contre la Libye sont levés, la Libye est enlevée des listes de «pays terroristes» et il y aura un nouveau procès sur les attentats de Lockerbie afin d’innocenter la Libye.

Sur un autre sujet entièrement:

Il semble que Kadhafi aussi souscrive à la thèse (comme je l’explicitait dans des billets précédents) que la situation au Darfour actuellement soit en  fait un conflit impérialiste entre l’«occident» et la Chine pour le contrôle des ressources pétrolières du Soudan. Du moins c’est ce qu’il a dit lors de son allocution devant le Cambridge Union il y a quelques jours. 



Film de la semaine: ZEITGEIST

10 11 2007

english con subtítulos en español

Et voici une adaptation française de la première partie faite par James:


Notes:

It is not the «central banking system» which is a problem as such but the fractional reserve banking system. The USA is a notable exception but most countries’ central bank (including the UK now) is owned by the governement and redistributes its profites to the governement.

Warburg = Warburg Pincus + M.M. Warburg&Co + UBS

Rockefeller = Exxon (ex-Standard Oil) + JP Morgan Chase

John Pierpont Morgan = JP Morgan Chase + Morgan Stanley + Deutsche Bank +USX (ex US-Steel)

I.G. Farben = Agfa+BASF+Bayer+Aventis

Washington Post= 18% Berkshire Hathaway, 7% JP Morgan, Barclay’s 2% etc.

New York Times Co. = 22% T. Rowe Price, 7% Morgan Stanley, 10% Fidelity Inv., 5% Barclay’s, etc.

Time magazine = Time Warner

The complete interview with Aaron Russo can be found here: http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=5420753830426590918

Clarifications from the makers of the film:

15:25-15:27
The December 25th birthday denoted to Jesus Christ, as stated by the narration, is not written in the Bible, although it is practiced traditionally. However, this date, known in the Pagan world for the birth of the ‘Sun God’ at the Winter Solstice, is in fact implied by the astronomical symbolism during the birth sequence.
More on this point is addressed in the Interactive Transcript.

53:56-53:59
The text reads:
["Collapse Characteristics of World T. Center 1, 2 & 7 fit the Controlled Demolition Model Exactly"]
-WTC 7 fits the C.D. model exactly, however Towers 1 and 2 were, in fact, EXPLOSIONS rather than implosions. The means of the demolition of Towers 1 and 2 would be considered “unconventional”. The free fall speed; collapse “into its own footprint” and other such goals of controlled demolition, are however confluent.

1:04:09 -1:04:16
The video here is of the Madrid Bombings of 2004, not the London Bombings of 2005.
It is used as a creative expression and example.

1:09:22- 1:11:05
These extracts from the JFK speech entitled “The President and the Press” from April 27, 1961,
are used as a dramatized introduction to Part 3, and are not exactly in context with the original intent
of JFK’s speech. Though President Kennedy does indeed address the peril of secrecy, denouncing

“secret societies”, “secret oaths” and “secret proceedings” in his statements, the latter section is
related to his views on Communism and not these societies.

1:17:14-1:17:20:
The narration states regarding W.Wilson and the Federal Reserve Act:
“Years Later Woodrow Wilson wrote in regret…”
- The notion of “years later” is incorrect. The quote is taken from his book
“The New Freedom” and it was written the same year he signed the Federal Reserve Act.

1:23:35 -1:23:38
There are 2 errors stated in the narration, one computational, the other technical.
1) It should say: (correction in italics) “Roughly 25% of the average worker’s income is taken via this tax”
[According the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average US salary is about $36,000
which translates to a 25% Federal Income Tax. * 35% is the high tax bracket ]

2) This 25% is not a flat tax against the entire income of that single person for the year.
Rather, the tax is “graduated”. In other words, it is a generalization to say “25% is taxed”, where as there are 2 tax rate brackets under this one, and income is taxed based on each bracket combined, in a graduated manner. Consequently, the statement “you work 3 months out of the year…” is not accurate as it would be less than that in light of the “graduated” nature.

1:27.35-1:27:40:
There is a statement error in the narration. It should say: (correction in italics)
-”J.D. Rockefeller made 200 million dollars off of it [WWI]. That’s about 1.9 Billion by today’s standards”
[It was stated as "1.9 Trillion", which was misspoken and intended to have been read "Billion", not "Trillion".
Note: Based on the Consumer Price Index (not the GDP used initially), this conversion can also be figured
at about 3 Billion dollars]



Film de la semaine: Where the US gets its info on Iran

3 11 2007

Trouvé et plagié de l’information clearinghouse:

 

Gunning for Iran

 

Exposed : Where The U.S. gets its
“intelligence” about Iran’s nuclear program

You must’ve heard the howls of protest from the International
Atomic Energy Agency after the release of a US House of
Representatives report on Iran’s nuclear program. The IAEA
branded the American report “outrageous and dishonest” for
asserting that Tehran’s nuclear plans were geared towards
weapons. This, of course, was just the latest flare-up in the
running debate over Iran’s supposed nuclear ambitions. So where
is Washington getting its information?

Try an Iranian opposition group known as the Mujahedin-e-Khalq -
MeK for short. Given the debacle over Saddam’s non-existent WMDs
in Iraq, you’d reckon there’d have to be a touch of caution
where Iranian exiles peddling nuclear secrets are concerned. But
as Bronwyn Adcock tells it, when the MeK speaks, Washington
hardliners listen.

Broadcast 11/04/06-

Dateline
-
Australia – Runtime 27 Minutes

Reporter – Bronwyn Adcock

Click Play To View

 

 



 

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TRANSCRIPT Three weeks ago in
New York, journalists were summoned to this hotel for a
press conference. It has been organised by this man -
Alireza Jafarzadeh, an Iranian exile who regularly
reveals what he claims is inside information on Iran’s
nuclear program.
ALIREZA JAFARZADEH, MUJAHEDIN-E-KHALQ LOBBYIST: I
would like to share with you today the information I’ve
gotten from the very same sources that have proven
accurate in the past.
Today, Jafarzadeh announces he’s discovered an
apparently sinister new development.

ALIREZA JAFARZADEH: A very important aspect of the
Iran regime’s nuclear weapons program is actually laser
enrichment, and the information I’ve gotten from my
sources today suggests that Iran is heavily involved in
laser enrichment program.

As always, the information is incredibly detailed,
with maps, names and addresses. Since 2002, Jafarzadeh
and the Iranian opposition group he’s connected to, the
Mujahedin-e-Khalq, or MeK, have made nearly 20
intelligence revelations, in press conferences from
Paris to New York, Washington and London.

ALIREZA JAFARZADEH: And they are scheduled to be
able to get the bomb by 2005.

The MeK revelations have had an extraordinary
impact, sparking inspections in Iran by the nuclear
watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency.
According to the MeK, Iran is building a nuclear bomb,
and the world should be very afraid.

ALIREZA JAFARZADEH: I think the world has to take
the Iranian regime’s threat very, very seriously. These
ayatollahs believe in what they say, believe that they
can eliminate Israel off the map, they can eliminate the
superpowers.

According to this Iranian opposition group, there
is only one solution.

ALIREZA JAFARZADEH: You need to slay the dragon.
This is the solution. You need to slay the dragon, which
means regime change.

The MeK is playing a key role in what’s shaping up
as one of the critical contests of our time – the
stand-off between the US and Iran, played out here at
the United Nations General Assembly two weeks ago.

PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH AT UN: Iran must abandon its
nuclear weapons ambitions.

AHMADINEJAD, IRAN PRESIDENT AT UN, (Translation): All
our nuclear activities are transparent and peaceful and
fully overseen by the IAEA

CROWD: Down with terrorist! Ahmadinejad terrorist!
Down with terrorist!

Outside the United Nations that day Alireza
Jafarzadeh and the Mujahedin-e-Khalq, are again trying
to get their opinion heard.

ALIREZA JAFARZADEH: Obtaining the bomb, the
nuclear bomb would unquestionably give Tehran the upper
hand in the region.

And some powerful forces in the West are
listening. The MeK’s main backer in Washington is a
newly formed think tank called the Iran Policy
Committee, headed by a former Reagan White House
official, Professor Raymond Tanter.

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER, IRAN POLICY COMMITTEE:
The regime change clock has to start. Right now, the
regime change clock is not even ticking.

In the Iran Policy Committee, Professor Tanter has
created a powerful grouping of former CIA, Pentagon and
White House officials. At forums like this briefing on
Capitol Hill, the group is trying to convince the
American Government that the MeK can help them achieve
the goal of regime change.

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: We didn’t choose the
Mujahedin-e-Khalq. The data hit us between the eyes. The
analysis passes what I call ‘the interocular test’ – it
hits you right between the eyes. I invented that phrase.

CROWD (Translation): Ahmadinejad terrorist!
Ahmadinejad terrorist! Down with the terrorist!

But for some, the sight of exile groups bearing
gifts of intelligence for the West just brings back bad
memories.

PROFESSOR GARY SICK, COLOMBIA UNIVERSITY: In the
past, on Iraq, we were fed a lot of false information to
try to get our attention and to get us to do what we
did. We bought it, and I have a very hard time
understanding how anybody can maintain a straight face
and say, “Again,” we should do the same thing all over
again.

Professor Gary Sick has served on the National
Security Council under three presidents. He was the
principle White House aide for Iran during the Iranian
revolution and hostage crisis, and has followed the
country closely ever since. He’s extremely sceptical
about the MeK.

PROFESSOR GARY SICK: When people get enthusiastic
about this, I just have to look at the history of the
organisation, the way it’s behaved, the way it’s done
all of the things that it’s done, and I simply can’t see
it, I really can’t see it. I find it very difficult to
explain why people would get so enthusiastic about this
group.

The MeK does have an extraordinary history. A
militant left-wing movement, it participated in the 1979
Iranian revolution that overthrew the Shah. But
afterwards, when the ayatollahs took power, the MeK
began fighting the new regime.

It carried out bombings that killed senior Islamic
leaders, and many of its members were executed.

In the 1980s it moved its military base to Saddam
Hussein’s Iraq. From here at Camp Ashraf it launched
attacks across the border, and successfully carried out
assassinations and bombings within Iran. The MeK’s
military heyday has long since passed. Less than 3,000
fighters remain in a camp now guarded by Americans.
What’s more, the group’s often violent past has left it
officially listed as a terrorist organisation in the
United States, the European Union and Australia.

The real action for the MeK now is in the West, where a
bevy of lobbyists is operating, including Ali Safavi
here in London. Safavi has devoted most of his adult
life to the MeK struggle. Now he’s working to get the
group taken off the terrorist list. His office located
around the corner from parliament.

ALI SAFAVI, NATIONAL COUNCIL OF RESISTANCE OF
IRAN: And obviously the office is very close so that it
would be more convenient, both for us and for them.

Being listed as a terrorist organisation stands
between the MeK and real political credibility. Safavi
claims the group was only put on the list by governments
trying to win favour with Iran.

ALI SAFAVI: It has nothing to do with the nature,
with the conduct, or the activities of the Mujahedin. It
is basically a bargaining chip.

Ali Safavi is trying to convince the West of the
apparently impressive democratic credentials of the MeK
and its political wing, the NCRI.

ALI SAFAVI: The NCRI basically advocates a
secular, democratic form of government, a government
that is based on the separation of church and the state
or mosque and state, if you will.

Leading the concerted charm offensive is the
group’s leader, Maryam Rajavi, who’s based in Paris.
She’s offering up an enticing proposition to the West.

MARYAM RAJAVI, (Translation): Today I’ve come to
tell you that the international community doesn’t have
to choose between mullahs with an atomic bomb and war. A
third way exists. A democratic change by the Iranian
people and organised resistance.

Maryam Rajavi says if the MeK is just taken off
the terrorist list, it will be a sign for the people of
Iran to rise up and overthrow their government. It’s
this proposition that’s winning support with the Iran
Policy Committee in Washington and in parliaments around
the West.

Here at the European Parliament, British Conservative MP
Brian Binley tells a group of MeK supporters that the
majority of the House of Commons and 130 members in the
House of Lords are behind the group.

BRIAN BINLEY, BRITISH CONSERVATIVE MP: Because
they are the antithesis of the dictatorial
fundamentalists that rule in modern-day Iran today, and,
indeed, the very antithesis of a regime that I believe
poses the greatest threat to global security that we
face as a global people.

Binlay was converted to the cause after being
approached by an MeK supporter in the halls of
Parliament.

BRIAN BINLEY: I met with a gentleman called
Nasser, who is a supporter of the National Council, and
we talked. And he works in and around the House, as a
lobbyist, I suppose you would say. And we talked, and I
liked what he had to say, and, more importantly, what he
had to say seemed credible in the way that I’ve just
explained.

PROFESSOR GARY SICK: These are people who really
believe that Iran…the regime should be changed, that
this regime of mullahs should be done away with. And you
look around, and you don’t see any other place where you
can put a lever. And I must say for the Mujahedin, to
give them full credit, they are very good at their
propaganda.

According to Gary Sick, the MeK’s origins at the
time of the revolution were anything but democratic.

PROFESSOR GARY SICK: There, too, they weren’t
talking about democracy, they were talking about power,
and who took over. And there was certainly no sign from
where I sat in the White House that these people were in
any way trying to bring democracy to Iran. They were
trying to get rid of the group that had taken over and
install themselves in power. And I think that pretty
well describes what they’ve been doing ever since.

Massoud Khodabeanedeh says that the MeK is not
only undemocratic but that internally, it operates like
a cult. Now living in the United Kingdom, Khodabeanedeh
was a high-level member for more than 15 years.

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH, FORMER MEK MEMBER: They
have a charismatic leader, they use psychological
methods to convince people and keep people. Their wealth
is always serving the leader, not the people. They try
to get the money out of the people and keep it. They cut
people from their past, their family. They are very
restrictive in that way. There is Maryam and Massoud and
me, as his bodyguard.

Khodabeanedeh worked as security for the MeK’s
leadership in Iraq but left after becoming disenchanted.
He is now one of the most outspoken critics of the
organisation.

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH: Later on it came to these
sessions of self-confession, which again, is a cult…
every cult has got it – which you have to come, and
every day come to the meeting, explain what you have
been thinking about, or what even you have been dreaming
about, and even if you don’t have, they will hint that
you have to lie, you have to make up something. So the
collective pressure would be on you and they purify you.

REPORTER: So all women wore headscarves?

ANNE: Yeah. It was a part of the uniform. It was
actually the uniform.

Massoud Khodabanedeh’s wife, Anne, was also a
member for seven years, inspired to join by an Iranian
boyfriend and an interest in Islam.

ANNE: I became full-time in 1990. After going on
hunger strike for two weeks, I was on a real high and I
devoted myself to them. And that devotion was
encouraged, and I was told at some point fairly early on
that all you have to do is choose your leader and follow
that leader. And you don’t have to make any decisions.
And that leader, of course, was Maryam Rajavi.

Both Anne and Massoud say that in order to
encourage devotion to the leadership family
relationships were discouraged.

ANNE: When it actually comes to being a liberating
movement for women, I would say just the opposite
pertains, that they forced women to separate from their
children, forced women to divorce their spouse, they
forced them to give up any thought of having a normal
family life and family relationship. Even relationships
with their siblings in the same organisation are, well,
banned really. You might meet them but you can’t be a
sibling, you can’t show more closeness to them you would
show to Maryam Rajavi.

The MeK leadership totally rejects these
allegations and accuses Massoud Khodabanedeh of being on
the payroll of Iranian intelligence. A charge he in turn
denies. An even more serious allegation, though,
concerns the group’s relationship with Saddam Hussein
during its 15 years in Iraq. This recently revealed
footage shows Massoud Rajavi, the husband of Maryam and
co-leader of the MeK, with the former Iraqi dictator.

ALI SAFAVI: The Mujahedin were forced to relocate
in Iraq, and in the years they were in Iraq, from 1986
onwards, they were completely independent of their host,
both in political terms, in ideological terms, in
organisational terms and in military terms.

REPORTER: So there was no collaboration between
the Mujahedin and Saddam?

ALI SAFAVI: Absolutely not.

However, many sources, including the US State
Department dispute this, saying Iraq supplied the MeK
with weapons and received military assistance from the
Iranian exiles. Former member Massoud Khodabanedeh says
that after the first Gulf War in 1991 Saddam’s security
chief, Taha Yassin Ramadan, asked the MeK to help
suppress the Kurds.

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH: The way that it was done, I
remember that in the meetings with Taha Yassin Ramadan,
who was in favour of Mujahedin, and who very much
praised the Mujahedin for their loyalty. He divided the
forces because he didn’t have much forces after the war
in ‘91, so he had only enough to suppress the uprising
in the south, so he left the north in hands of Rajavi.

Massoud says he saw first-hand a Kurdish village
that had been destroyed by the Mujahedin.

REPORTER: What happened to the village?

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH: It was just flattened down,
the whole village. Villages in Iraq are small villages,
and with say 20 tanks, you can see what damage can be
done. But it was deliberately flattened.

REPORTER: And this was done by the Mujahedin?

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH: By the Mujahedin. They were
there when I was passing the tanks and victoriously
celebrating.

Massoud also says that during his time with the
MeK its members were fed a diet of anti-imperialist and
anti-American propaganda. He believes now they’re trying
to reinvent themselves for a new, Western benefactor.

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH: Especially when they went
to Iraq, they didn’t see that one day Saddam would fall
so they have openly been anti-Western all the years that
they were there relying on Saddam. Any democratic face
that they put is a false face.

REPORTER: Why do you think they are putting on
this false face now?

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH: There is no other choice.
After Saddam falls, there is no other choice.

The MeK denies this aspect of its past. It says
that anyone making such allegations is being either
directly or indirectly influenced by Iranian
intelligence.

ALI SAFAVI: It is far more than a bit of a
propaganda campaign. In fact the Iranian regime has
spent hundreds of millions of dollars engaging in
propaganda.

In Washington, the MeK’s main American backers
also reject any criticism.

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: We are familiar with all
the allegations and we have looked at all these
allegations and we have found them to be baseless. And
we’re smart, we’re not idiots. I’m a professor at the
University of Michigan and Georgetown University and I
think I can tell whether a person is saying something to
dupe me. And Human Rights Watch and various others who
say the MeK and NCRI are changing their face in order to
appeal to groups like the Iran Policy Committee haven’t
done their research.

While the MeK and their supporters say they’ve
nothing in its history to be ashamed of, experts say
that’s not how it’s viewed in its homeland.

PROFESSOR GARY SICK: They are certainly despised,
there’s no two ways about that. They are seen as
turncoats, they are seen as traitors, people who joined
Iran’s enemies to try to overthrow the government.

For a group claiming it can make the Iranian
population rise up and overthrow the government, this
apparent lack of internal legitimacy is a major problem.

REPORTER: How much support do you have in Iran, in
numbers?

ALI SAFAVI: Well, you know that our movement from
day one has called for free elections under UN
supervision. I think if such an election were held,
without question… our movement would get most of the
votes.

DOHKI FASSIHIAN: The claim that the MeK would
actually win any support or win any elections inside
Iran is really preposterous.

Dokhi Fassihian is the former executive director
of the National Iranian American Council, a non-partisan
group. She spent much of the 1990s in Iran and knows the
political scene well.

DOHKI FASSIHIAN: In fact they are hated and
detested in Iran because of their role in siding with
the Iraqis in the very, very long and bloody Iran-Iraq
war. And so, I would say that even more so than Iranian
Americans, Iranians inside Iran really do hate the MeK
and really don’t understand why some governments and
some officials abroad can support such an undemocratic
group and such a violent group.

Political credentials aside, the strongest claim
the MeK has on Western attention is its intelligence on
Iran’s nuclear program.

REPORTER: How good are your sources, your
intelligence from Iran?

ALIREZA JAFARZADEH: Well, the intelligence is the
best that exists anywhere. The best track record in
terms of intelligence regarding Iran comes from the
sources of the Mujahedin-e-Khalq and the NCRI. It wasn’t
the intelligence community of the US, or Britain, or
other Western countries that discovered Natanz.

The MeK’s biggest claim to fame has been its
revelation in 2002 that Iran had a secret nuclear site
at a place called Natanz. After the announcement, the
International Atomic Energy Agency confronted Iran and
Iran opened the site for inspection.

DAVID ALBRIGHT, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: So I think the Iranian
opposition group, what they did, their real contribution
was to start a chain of events where Iran had to admit
that it had its secret gas centrifuge program and other
secret nuclear programs, and help get the IAEA into Iran
to start uncovering a whole set of misleading statements
or hidden facilities in Iran. This building was sized to
hold 1,000 centrifuges, but could actually hold more.

David Albright is a physicist and president of the
Institute for Science and International Security in
Washington DC. He’s an expert on secret nuclear weapons
programs throughout the world. While he credits the MeK
with bringing Natanz to the world’s attention, the site
was not in breech of the Non-Proliferation treaty.
Albright also says later revelations have not proven as
useful.

DAVID ALBRIGHT: Since then, their record has been
a lot more mixed and a lot of revelations about things
going on, related to making nuclear weapons. IAEA went
to one place and found nothing. There was some equipment
that was imported, they said it was related to nuclear
weapons. It turned out on analysis it wasn’t even
suitable for use on a nuclear weapons program. So I
think that you have to read beyond the detail and try to
make sense out of it, and often it doesn’t make any, or
it’s just speculation.

Dateline also understands that the IAEA has
examined much of the intelligence provided by the MeK
and its political wing, the NCRI, and while it agrees
several early claims were on target, the rest have been
unreliable.

REPORTER: All their revelations paint a picture of
Iran having an incredibly advanced nuclear weapons
program. Would you agree with that assessment?

DAVID ALBRIGHT: It’s relative to what? I mean,
compared to Iraq, which had nothing, yeah, it’s quite
advanced. Are they close to building a bomb? Most
assessments, including our own, are that no, they are
not.

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: No-one knows whether the
revelations are true so how can one make a statement
that the NCRI-MeK revelations are off? Intelligence
people say this, but they don’t back it up. Because
journalists don’t do a good job in querying them. “What
is your evidence?” “Oh, I can’t say.” Hello, that’s not
right.

REPORTER: But by the same token, if the NCRI holds
a press conference saying, “Look we’ve got these
documents, we know this information,” and there’s
nothing else to back it up, how can you be sure that’s
true?

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: Look, intelligence is an
art. What you need is to use the NCRI-MeK allegations as
lead information, which you compare with info you
acquire independently.

REPORTER: But if revelations are being made, and
they’re not proven, and they’re put out there in the
media and put out there as a case for regime change, and
they’re not actually substantiated, isn’t that alarmist?

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: How do you prove
revelations with a totalitarian Islamist fascist regime?

The MeK knows that hardliners in Washington are
desperate for any information that will confirm their
suspicions of Iran.

PROFESSOR GARY SICK: So if the MeK is trying to
get credibility as a group that the US should cooperate
with in trying to overthrow the regime, focusing on the
nuclear side is an absolutely logical place for them to
focus, so I don’t blame them for doing that. I think
that’s an area that is going to attract attention, it’s
going to get them a following, and it will attract the
attention of people in Washington.

According to former member Massoud Khodabanedeh,
the MeK is just trying to stay alive.

MASSOUD KHODABEANEDEH: They want to survive. They
are saying, “Take us off.” The end game is “Take us off
the list of terrorism and use us.”

And in a clear convergence of interests, Professor
Tanter from the Iran Policy Committee is happy to help.

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: I am not a lobbyist for
the MeK and the NCRI, I’m a lobbyist for America, which
is different. You keep asking me questions which imply
that I am trying to push the MeK on to people.

REPORTER: But you are promoting their cause,
you’re trying to get them off…

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: I am not promoting their
cause, I am promoting American interests. There is a
difference.

REPORTER: You’re not suggesting they are
necessarily a good replacement government, you are
saying rather they are a good tool for Western
interests?

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: That’s what you asked
me, they are a tool for Western interests, yes. They are
accused of being a tool of Western interests by the
regime. It’s true!

REPORTER: And they are a tool for Western
interests?

PROFESSOR RAYMOND TANTER: Yes! They want to be a
part of the West.

 

 

(In accordance with Title 17
U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit
to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the
included information for research and educational purposes.
Information Clearing House has no affiliation whatsoever with
the originator of this article nor is Information Clearing House
endorsed or sponsored by the originator.)




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